10/22/2024 – Queens are very peculiar pieces. They love to attack and hate to defend. The difference in the value of this piece when attacking and defending is striking. An attacking queen is perhaps twice as valuable than a defending one. In a way, it makes a lot of sense. A queen is a very mobile and precious piece. Being mobile, it can attack very well, creating double attacks, forks, moving from one side to the other with ease. Being precious, it is barely able to cover anything. (For the same reason we don’t use golden locks to protect our bicycles. Thieves would gladly steal both the bike and the lock.) The qualities of a queen are very visible in situations when it must fight less valuable pieces. Let's have a look at some examples! | Photo: Ecolinho (Pixabay)
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The first example is relatively simple:
Vachier Lagrave-Nakamura, Paris Rapid, 2017, White to move:
Is White better, equal or worse? Materially, Black is not doing badly. After all, two rooks should fully compensate a queen and a pawn. However, Vachier Lagrave has all the chances to use his queen in an attack. Black's king is weak. Also, Black's forces are disorganised, and his uncovered pieces are potential targets. In addition, Q+N are well-known soulmates, a very efficient assassination squad.
In fact, White is clearly winning. My engine screams +4! Vachier Lagrave played 32.Nd4! and went on to win a nice game. (The knight is taboo because of Qf7+).
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1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d3d66.0-0a67.a40-08.Re1Ba79.h3Ne710.d4Ng611.Nbd2Re812.Bb3Be6A slightly unusual twist.12...h613.Bc2c614.Nf1d5and Black equalized in Anand-Aronian, Sinquefield Cup 2016.13.Bc2h614.Nf1exd4Hikaru goes for one of the known ways of resolving the tension in the center.It's no longer possible to play14...d5right away, because15.exd5hits the bishop and Black loses e5.15.cxd4d5No one feels up to15...c516.d5not after the Kramnik-Carlsen game, Norway Chess 2017.16.e5Ne417.N1d2Bf5!?The idea of sacrificing a pawn this way is nothing new, but it has to be carefully considered in every possible situation.Also possible was17...Nxd218.Bxd2c519.dxc5The idea to sac on h6,19.Qc1can always be dealt with:Nh4!19...Bxc520.Bxg6fxg6as21.Qc2wins nothing on account ofQb618.Nxe4dxe419.Bxe4Bxe420.Rxe4Qd521.Re1Rad822.Be3Maxime has a very healthy approach to opening problems - he takes what is given to him and tries to work with it. Thus, his qualified success against the Berlin. Here he realizes his minor pieces are passive, but a pawn is a pawn.c5!?Hikaru doesn't believe in blockade. His plan is to trade some pieces and keep on hitting the e5-pawn.22...Ne723.b4Nc624.Qc2and the weakness on c7 doesn't help Black to restore material balance.23.dxc5Bxc524.Bxc5Qxc525.Qb3Qd526.Qe3f6?26...Nxe527.Nxe5f628.f4fxe529.fxe5Much better interpretation of the same idea wasRe6and now, with the knights gone from the board Black welcomes30.Rad1Qxd131.Rxd1Rxd1+32.Kh2Rd5with open arms.27.Rad1!Impeccable timing.Qxd1One of the most difficult thing to do in chess is to evaluate positions with unbalanced material. Most of the time a pair of rooks will be a match for a queen, but not here.Possibly better was27...Qe628.Rxd8Rxd829.exf6Qxe330.Rxe3gxf631.g3but this pawn down ending is a hard sell.28.Rxd1Rxd1+29.Kh2Rd730.Qb3+Kh731.exf6gxf6
TUTO32.Nd4!Simple, yet brilliant.Re532...Rxd433.Qf7+33.Ne6b534.axb5Rxb534...axb535.f4Red536.f5!Once 6 is supported Black won't have a chance, butRxf5meets with37.Qc2Rfd538.Nf4!and wins by force afterthan38.Nf8+Kg738...Rg539.h435.Qc2f536.Qc636.g4Rf737.Nd4Rd538.Nxf5would have been enough.36...Rf737.Nd8!As a true Frenchman, Maxime has a flair for the dramatics.Re738.Qf6a5Hikaru is powereless to regain coordination of his pieces.39.h4f440.Ne6Reb7Black's best bet was40...Re5to beg White to take the f4-pawn and trade knights.41.Nxf4Nxf442.Qxf4White should prevail, as inRb543.g4Reb744.h5Rxb245.Qe4+Kg846.Qe8+Kg747.Qg6+taking h6 with check.41.Nd4!Incredibly enough, the knight returns to the center, this time to the decisive effect.R5b642.Qf5Kg843.Ne6Nxh444.Qg4+Kh745.Nf8+Kh846.Qxh4Kg747.Nd71–0
The second example is much more complex, but the main idea remains the same. The queen needs to be active!
Aronian-Van Wely, Tata Steel 2017, White to move:
What are we looking at right now? The board is full of chaos. Let us check the material first. White has got a queen for two minor pieces and a pawn. However, several pieces are hanging. The d2-rook, potentially the e1-rook, the black c4-bishop.
In such a tense situation, many players would instinctively look for a “safe” decision, preferring defensive and stabilizing moves. However, Aronian is better than that. He understands that his queen would be useless in defence, and therefore he actively looks for attacking possibilities for his strongest piece.
30.f5!
Covering the d2-rook, opening the scope for his queen and getting his forces closer to the black monarch. In fact, this is the only winning move.
30…Bxd2 31.Bxd2 Bxd5 32.Rxe4!
A great sacrifice! Now the white queen gets to the dark squares around the enemy king.
32…Bxe4 33.Qf6 Bxg2!+
Black's last trick. The bishop is taboo because of …Re2+ and …Rxd2.
34.Kg1
Van Wely resigned.
The final position is beautiful. White has returned some material but activated his queen in a decisive manner. The mating threat Bh6+Qg7 is deadly.
Please note that not only Q+N, but also Q+B might be a very effective attacking duo, provided that opposite-coloured bishops are present on the board.
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1.d4Nf62.c4g63.f3Bg74.e40-05.Nc3d66.Nge2a66...c5is the most popular line.7.Ng3Nbd78.Be2c69.0-0b510.Be3Rb8NA novelty by Van Wely.10...bxc4?!looks dubious, as11.Bxc4Rb812.Qe2Qa513.a3c514.dxc5dxc515.Bf4e516.Be3Nb617.Ba2Sakaev-Sepp, Tallinn 2001, and White looks nicely placed.10...e511.d511.Qd2(Zhukova-Golubev, Odessa 2006)exd412.Bxd4Nb6with a double-edged fight.11...cxd512.cxd512.Nxd5!?12...h513.Nh1h414.Nf2Nh515.Nd3Ng3!?16.Re116.hxg3is too dangerous,hxg3followed by ...4.16...f517.a4fxe418.Nxe4Nxe419.fxe4Ibragimov-Kachiani Gersinska, Fuerth 2001, and White is slightly better.11.Rf2!?A smart solution to protect the b2-Qc711...bxc412.Bxc4and White is comfortable.12.Rc1b413.Na4c514.d5e615.b3Re816.Qd2exd517.cxd5This is a Benoni structure, White has a space advantage and Black's structure is not flexible on the queenside. White's position is more tempting.Nb617...h5!?is also a typical move.18.Nxb6Qxb619.Bh6Bh8Usually Black wants to hold on to the dark-squared .In the event of19...Bxh620.Qxh6Bd721.Bc4and White is more comfortable.20.h3Bd721.Bc4Bb522.Kh1Qd822...Nd7!?was the other option.23.Bg5Rb7?!An inaccuracy, which allows White's subsequent plan.23...Qb6was better to avoid the pin,24.Qf4Nd7∞with a complicated position.24.Qf4!Qe725.Qh4White redeploys his queen on the kingside, so he takes more pressure there.Qe526.Rd2Bxc427.f4!A very strong intermediate move; the black queen is in trouble.Qxe4?!The engine suggests27...Qc3!?28.Rxc3bxc329.Rc2Bd330.Rxc3Nxe431.Nxe4Bxe432.Bf6and White is also better, but still this was the best practical chance.28.Nxe4Probably28.bxc4!was stronger, but in a practical game it is difficult to take the bishop instead of the queen.Qe729.Re2Qd730.Bxf6+-and White is a piece up.28...Nxe429.Re1Bc3?The losing move! TUTO29...Bb5was the only chance, however30.f5!gxf531.g4±is also unpleasant for Black.30.f5!The strongest reply!Bxd231.Bxd2Bxd532.Rxe4!This is the point! After this sacrifice, White has a mating attack on the dark squares.Bxe433.Qf6Bxg2+34.Kg1!A very nice victory by Aronian!1–0
Let us now have a look at two games in which the queen was driven into a passive defence. Again, let us start with a simpler example.
Adams-Rodhstein, Fide World Cup Tbilisi 2017, Black to move:
White seems to hold somehow. Black's passed pawn is blocked on a light square, and White's monarch does not seem to be in an imminent danger. However, Black can sacrifice his queen and abruptly change the situation!
49…Bxg5! 50.Rxf2
After 50.hxg5?? Black mates in three: 50…Rf3+ 51.Kg4 Rf4+ 52.Kh3 Rh4 and mate.
50…exf2 51.Qf1 Be3 - +
Now the white queen is passive and immobile. The worst dreams of this piece have become true. All Black needs to do is to get his rook to g1 while avoiding the threat of a perpetual check.
Rodhstein won slowly but easily.
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1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5Nf64.d3Bc55.Bxc6This move ensures a strategic battle with many possibilities for both sides.dxc66.0-0Bg4!?A nice practical choice by Rodshtein, looking for a simple position to handle, Black is giving up the bishop pair, but gets a solid position with easy play.6...Nd7is the most played.7.h3Bxf38.Qxf30-09.Nd2Re8Actually, Rodshtein has played this position in the past as the White side9...Nd710.Nc4a511.a4Re812.Qg3Qe713.Kh1Bd614.Bh6Qf615.Bd2!Bb40-1 Rodshtein,M (2691)-Bok,B (2575) EU-ch 15th Yerevan 2014 (9)16.Bxb4axb417.f410.Nc4Nd7 In general, Black should leave the f8-square free for manoeuvres like 8-e6 or 8-5-e6.11.Bd2Re6?!The beginning of a dubious idea.11...b5?!directly was not good12.Na5!Re613.Nb7Qe714.Nxc5Qxc515.Qd1But there was nothing wrong with11...Nf812.b4Bd613.a4Ne614.Rfb1a6=12.g312.b4deserved attentionBf813.a4a614.Rfb1White keeps more space and is constantly threatening to open the queenside.12...b5!?Black's plan is to gain some extra space on the queenside; this is why the rook was needed on e6 - protecting the c6-pawn.13.Ne313.Na5Bb614.Nb3Nc5=13...Bf814.a4a615.Ra2?!Maybe from here Adams directs his play in the wrong direction. As we will see, the rook is not so active as it looks and is even a bit out of play on the a-file.15.h4keeping an eye on kinsgide was perhaps more principledb4!?to close the queenside looks safer for Black15...g616.h5Nf617.hxg6hxg618.Kg215...Nc516.axb5axb517.h5Re818.Ng4±h6?19.Rxa8Qxa820.Qf5!16.b3c517.Rae1Nb818.Nc4Nc619.Be3Nd420.Bxd4cxd421.Qg2 White keeps the better chances.15...Nc516.axb5axb517.Rfa1White still could had kept the rook on the kingside.17.Rxa8Qxa818.b3!18.h4Qa218...Re818...Qa219.Bc319.Bc3Ne6!20.Qg420.Bxe5?Ng520...f621.h4 maintains the advantage.17...Rxa218.Rxa2Re8After executing the plan of advancing the queenside pawns, Black returns to the standard idea 6-d4.19.Kg2Ne620.Nf520.h4!c521.b3Nd422.Qd1g623.h520...c5Black is able to consolidate his position after this.21.Ra5Qd722.Bc3f623.b3c624.h4g625.Ne3Bg726.Qg4?!Rodshtein is able now to play for an advantage.White could have tried26.h5Rf826...Ng5?27.Qg4Qxg428.Nxg4gxh529.Ne3±27.Ra1 Now the rook has more options, for examplef527...Nd428.Bxd4cxd429.Ng4f530.Nh2fxe431.Qxe4gxh532.Ra6!Rc832...Qf733.Nf3±33.Nf3Qd534.Qf5Rf835.Qxh528.hxg6hxg629.exf5Nd430.Qg4gxf531.Qg6Black remains with problems to solveQf731...f432.Bxd4!exd433.Ng4fxg334.f4‼Qe735.f5Qe2+36.Kxg3+-32.Qxf7+Rxf733.Ra8+Kh734.g4!fxg435.Bxd4exd435...cxd436.Nxg4Re737.Rc8Re638.Kf3±36.Nxg426...Rf8Black managed to equalise and starts to prepare f5, which gives him good chances to play for an advantage.27.Kg1Qf728.Ra6f5!29.exf5gxf530.Qe2Qb731.Ra231.Ra1?looks better, but actually puts White in troubleb4!32.Bb2e4!33.d433.Bxg7Qxg7-+33...cxd434.Qc4Qf731...Nd4Rodshtein takes the initiative at the first chance.32.Bxd432.Qh5!?Qd733.Bxd4cxd434.Ng2Kh835.Qf3=32...cxd433.Nf1c534.Nd2just in time to stop e4.Bh635.Ra1Finally, Adams transfers the rook back to the kingside.Qg736.Kh2?Stepping out of the g-file looks natural, but it allows Black to launch a strong attack.White's position was still under control with36.Ra5!Black has some options, which makes the calculations difficult, but in all of them White has enough resourcesQb736...e4?!37.dxe4f437...Bxd238.Qxd2fxe439.Rxb5e340.fxe3Re840...Qf641.Qe1!dxe342.Rxc5h643.Rc441.e4‼Qxg3+41...Rxe4?42.Rb8+Kf743.Qf2++-42.Qg2Qxg2+43.Kxg2Rxe444.Rxc5Rxh445.Kg3=38.Kg2fxg339.fxg3Be340.Rxb5!h641.Rxc5!Rf2+42.Qxf2Bxf243.Kxf2White has in the worse of cases sufficient material for the queen36...f4?37.Ne4±36...Bxd2?37.Qxd2f438.Rxb5fxg339.fxg3Qxg3+40.Qg2Qxg2+41.Kxg237.Ra1!Qg737...Bxd238.Qxd2f439.Re1Qg740.Kh238.Ra5Qb739.Ra1=36...e4!37.Rf137.dxe4?d3!-+37...e3!38.Nf3Kh8Black's position becomes more threatening with each move.39.fxe3White had a last chance with the difficult39.Ng1f440.Kh3! but afterQd7+40...Qb741.Qf341.Kg241.g4Bg742.h5Re841...Qe8he is still struggling39...dxe340.Ng1Rg841.Qf3Qc342.Qe2f4!Well timed, forcing the opening of new lines.43.g443.gxf4Qg744.Qf3Bxf4+!45.Kh1Qg3!46.Qxg3Bxg347.h5Bf248.Ne2Rg5White is pratically tied, without good moves, besides the unavoidable material losses in a close future.43...f3!44.Nxf344.Rxf3Qd4!44.Qxf3Qxc2+45.Ne2Qxd344...Rxg445.Kh3Rg846.Rg1Rf8!?Avoiding trading pieces, Rodshtein makes his opponent's task harder.47.Rg4?The losing move.47.Ng5!was the last chance to keep fightingQe548.Qg448.Rf1Rxf149.Qxf1e2!-+48...Qe749.Rg247...Qf648.Ng5Qf2!?48...Bxg5was a much easier win49.hxg549.Rxg5Qf250.Rg2Rf3+51.Kh2Qxh4+52.Kg1Rh3-+49...Qf250.Rg2Rf3+51.Kh2Qh4+52.Kg1Rh3-+49.Rg2TUTOBxg5!A winning queen sacrifice.50.Rxf2exf251.Qf1Be3+-52.b4!?Adams puts all his efforts into building a sort of fortress, giving distant checks and then coming back with the queen.cxb453.Qa1+Kg854.Qf154.Qa2+b3!55.Qxb3+Rf754...h5! Rodshtein finds a safe place to put his king away from the queen's scope, and it is a matter ot time until he invades with the rook.55.Kh2Kh756.Kh3Rf457.d4Bxd458.Kg258.Qd3+Kh859.Qf1Rf760.Kh2Rg761.Qxb5Be5+!62.Qxe5f1Q63.Qxh5+Kg864.Qe8+Qf865.Qe6+Qf7-+58...Kh858...Rg4+was already forcing the end59.Kf3Rg160.Qd3+Kg861.Qb3+Kh859.Kh3Rf660.Kh2Rf861.Kh3Rf462.Kg2Rg4+63.Kh2Be5+0–1
In the following example, Anand is going to be a full queen down!
Skvortsov-Anand, Zurich Chess Challenge 2017, Black to move:
Black only has a pawn for a piece. However, his pawn centre is very strong and restricts White's forces. The position is roughly balanced. But how to continue?
Anand got a brilliant idea. Perhaps he should open the White's king and try to mate it while the white queen rests idle on the other flank?
He played 16…Qxg3+!? 17.hxg3 Rxg3+ 18.Kh2 Rxf3
At this moment Black only has three pawns for a queen. And no direct mating sequence is in sight. And yet, with his passive queen and bare king White is in a big trouble and needs to find the very best moves to maintain equality.
Skovron was unable to do so. (Please, check the full game below.) After Black's 25th move, the following beautiful position arose on the board.
White gave up. And we shall congratulate Anand to his brilliant fireworks of creativity.
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1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.b4A very interesting idea, in accordance with Oleg's style. Suddenly the b-pawn must be reckoned with.Bb67.e5d58.exf6dxc49.Qe2+Be610.b5The extra option, now I have to figure out the differences in every line.Nb4Sometimes, it is better to be aggressive than accurate. Now the connected passed pawns and the two bishops are quite dangerous in practical play.10...Na5is playable, the 5 is unlikely to play an important role...11.fxg7Rg812.cxb4Qf613.0-0Qxg714.g30-0-015.a415.Qe5Qxe516.Nxe5f617.Nf3a5Black can't avoid this move forever18.bxa6bxa6enough compensation for the piece.15...d3Once I steeled myself to play ...g3, it was hard to resist the thought of executing the move.15...Qf6!was probably objectively better.16.Qb2HEREQxg3+17.hxg3Rxg3+18.Kh2Rxf319.Bg5?Based on an oversight.19.Kg2Bd519...Rf5I would probably have gone for this20.Rg1c321.Nxc3d222.Qxd2Rxd223.Bxd2Rxf2+24.Kg3Rxd225.Rgd1is about equal20.Kh2Be6!I am not sure I would have appreciated this simple move, but it is equal.19.Qg7what I was expectingRh3+20.Kg2Bd421.Qg5h6!The queen runs out of squares on the g-file.22.Qxd8+Kxd823.Ra3I was sure that Black has enough here.19...Bd4!20.Qd2Rg8!And surprisingly, White is lost.21.Ra321.Rg1Rh3+22.Kg2h623.Kf1Rxg5!wins.21...h622.Rg1Rh3+23.Kg2Rxg5+24.Kf1Rxg1+25.Kxg1Bd5A very enjoyable game, and I have to thank Oleg Skvortsov for being a chess romantic!0–1
Queens hate dirty work. They down want to defend, to serve other pieces. They are superstars of the chessboard, they want to shine, attack, they want to be in the spotlight.
Therefore, always look for a way to activate your queen!
Let us learn together how to find the best spot for the queen in the early middlegame, how to navigate this piece around the board, how to time the queen attack, how to decide whether to exchange it or not, and much more!
Jan MarkosJan Markos is a Slovakian chess author, trainer, and grandmaster. His book Under the Surface was the English Chess Federation´s 2018 Book of the Year. His last book, The Secret Ingredient, co-authored with David Navara, focuses on the practical aspects of play, e.g. time-management over the board, how to prepare against a specific opponent, or how to use chess engines during the training process.
Markos was the U16 European Champion twenty years ago. At present he helps his pupils from several countries to achieve similar successes. Apart from focusing on the royal game, he is also the author of several non-chess books, focused on critical thinking, moral dilemmas, and phenomenology.
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