Christmas puzzle solutions

by Frederic Friedel
1/12/2020 – Last year we rivived our twenty-year tradition of giving you unusual puzzles for the Christmas holidays — puzzles that cannot be easily solved with a computer (the point of this endeavour), tasks which require you to think all by yourself. Sadly the greatest problematist, Pál Benkö, who faithfully contributed to this endeavour, could only make one contribution, for Christmas day, before passing (at 91 last August). We hope you enjoyed the puzzles and were able to solve some yourself.

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Christmas Puzzle Solutions

Originally we planned to provide the solutions at the bottom of each puzzle page, around two weeks after publication. Not a good idea: it forces readers to keep returning to the original pages to check if the solutions have appeared. So today we bring you all the solutions on a separate page. You probably know full well that you can move pieces on our chess diagrams, and that the replayer will in fact allow you to start a chess engine (fan button) to assist you in your analysis. We wish you enjoyment with the solutions and look forward to your thoughts on these unusual puzzles.

December 25th 2019: Pal Benko's last Merry Christmas Puzzle

In July 2019, shortly before his passing, Pal Benko, who has always helped me with my Christmas Puzzles, sent me a first position for the 2019 season. He advised me to start with a famous problem, one that looks easy but needs some thinking outside the box.

 
Samuel Loyd
White to move and mate in three

The trick with the solution is: if it is White to move the previous move by Black must have been with one of the rooks or the king. If it was with the rook on a8 then Black cannot castle queenside and is mated with 1.♕g5 ♚f8 (or 1...♚d8 2.♕d5 ♚c8 3.♕xa8#) 2.♕xe7 Kg8 3.Qf7#. If on the other hand it was the rook on h8 that last moved then 1.♕d4 ♜g8 2.♕d7+ ♔f8 3.♕xe7# fulfils the task. But if we assume that it was the black king that last moved, then neither castle is possible, and White can mate in three with three different key moves: 1.♕c5, 1.♕g5 and 1.♕d4.

During a recent visit to Hamburg the 12-yearl-old chess prodigy Dev Shah, inspired by Pal Benko's beautiful three-mover, decided to try composing chess studies. We gave you two examples which Benko had evaluated: "Good initial effort by the boy!"

Young talent Dev Shah working with endgame expert GM Karsten Müller.

Solutions to Dev Shah's problems:

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1.a8Q 1.Kd2 Kb2 2.a8Q a1Q 3.Qb7+ Ka3 4.Qa7+ Kb2 5.Qb6+ Ka3 6.Qa5+ Kb3 7.Qxa1 Kc4 8.Qe5 1...Kb2 1...Kb1 2.Qe4+ Kc1 3.Qc4+ Kb2 4.Kd3 a1Q 5.Qb4+ Ka2 6.Kc2 2.Kd3 a1Q 3.Qb8+ Kc1 4.Qc7+ Kb2 5.Qb6+ Kc1 6.Qc5+ Kb2 7.Qb4+ Ka2 7...Kc1 8.Qd2+ Kb1 9.Qc2# 8.Kc2 with mate in three to follow. 1–0
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Shah,D-White to play and win-1–02019Hamburg
Shah,D-White to play and win-1–02019Hamburg

December 26, 2019: What were the previous moves?

During the Christmas puzzle week we present you with puzzles that cannot be easily solved with a computer (the point of this endeavour). We give you tasks which require you to think all by yourself. On "boxing day" we had problems in which you were tasked with finding the previous move(s).

Solutions to the problems:

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1...Qg6 A perfectly legal position, with Black to play. 2.Rxg6+ f5
The problem position. 3.exf6+ 3.Bxf5+ Kxc7 4.Rg7+ Bf7+ 5.Rxf7+ Kb8 6.Rb7+ Ka8 7.Nb6# 3.Rg7+ Kxc8 4.Bxf5+ Bd7 5.Kd6 Bxf5 6.Rg8# 3...Kxc7 4.Bf4+ Kd8 5.Nb7#
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Keym,W-Mate in three (retro)-2019ChessBase Christmas
Hoeg,N-Last move?-1916Skakbladet
Smullyan,R-Previous moves?-1980Musical World
Keym,W-What was the last move?-1979Die Schwalbe (Hochberg 47)
Hoeg,N-Retro-problem-1924
December 27, 2019: Réti for beginners

On a train trip I met two young boys, chess novices who had become bored playing each other. So I gave them a few simple (but famous) positions and taught them the Reti-manoeuvre. They were delighted. Here are the solutions to the studies I showed them:

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1.Kg7! h4 1...Kb6 2.Kf6 h4 3.Ke5 h3 3...Kxc6 4.Kf4= 4.Kd6= 2.Kf6! h3 2...Kb6 3.Ke5! h3 4.Kd6= 3.Ke6! oder 3.Ke7! 3.Ke5? h2 4.Kd6 h1Q 5.c7 Qh3-+ 3...h2 4.c7 Kb7 4...h1Q 5.c8Q+= 5.Kd7= ½–½
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Reti,R-White to play and draw-½–½1922Kagan's Neueste Schachn. (Aufga
Reti,R-White to play and draw-½–½1921Deutsch Österreichische Tageszeitung (
Lasker,E-Tarrasch,S-½–½1914C83St Petersburg International Preliminary9
Kuznetsov,A-White to play and draw-½–½1972EG
Sarychev,A-White to play and draw-½–½1928Shakhmatny Listok
December 29, 2019: Missing pieces

The following twin problem were by the famous English problemist Thomas Rayner Dawson. The two positions are clearly mirror images of each other, but for concrete reasons they do not have mirrored solutions. Could you tell why? Dawson was original if anything, and this is a puzzle he posed in 1927.

In each of these two positions the white queen has fallen off the board. Your task was : replace the queen and stalemate Black in one move. Solution: since the pawns are undisturbed the white queen must have, in both cases, fallen off from a square to the left of the king (how could she have got to the right?) So: in the first diagram the queen should be replaced on the square e1 and the move 1.f4 stalemates the black king. In the second diagram the queen is replaced on a1 and the move 1.a4 delivers stalemate. Were you able to figure this out?

Missing Kings

Here are more missing pieces. In the first diagram (author unknown) both the kings have fallen off. Put them back on the board in such a way that White, on the move, can deliver immediate mate, i.e. mate in one move. Fairly simple: place the black king on h1 and the white king on f3. Then White can play 1.♔xf2#.

In the second problem by Dr Karl Fabel, Deutsche Schachblätter 1950, the black king has fallen off. You should place it somewhere on the board so that White can immediately mate in a single move. Solution: you may have been tempted to place the king on c1 and castle. But the black king can only have got to c1 if the white king had moved out of the way – and in that case White cannot castle. The correct solution is to place the black king on f3 and then castle. Perfectly legal.

Fabel-ous

Finally, we had two problems by Karl Fabel. In the first you had to construct, by entering legal moves for White and Black, who are naturally cooperating, a position in which Black has only the king on a4 and White has all his pieces on their original squares. The second is a study that is longer than expected. Here are the solutions:

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1.Na3 b5 2.Nxb5 Nf6 3.Nxa7 Ne4 4.Nxc8 Nc3 5.Nxe7 c6 6.Nxc6 Nb1 7.Nxb8 Ra3 8.Nxd7 g5 9.Nxf8 Qd6 10.Nxh7 Kd7 11.Nxg5 Rh4 12.Nxf7 Rc4 13.Nxd6 Kc6 14.Nxc4 Kb5 15.Nxa3+ Ka4 16.Nxb1
This is the position you had to achive. In can be done in just 16 moves, every one a capture!
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Fabel,K-Game history?-1942A00Die Schwalbe
Fabel,K-Whit to play and win-1950Deutsche Schachblätter

Would you believe it — in the second simple-looking position White needs no less than 47 moves to win? Karl Fabel's problems are always ingenious, full of surprises.


Editor-in-Chief emeritus of the ChessBase News page. Studied Philosophy and Linguistics at the University of Hamburg and Oxford, graduating with a thesis on speech act theory and moral language. He started a university career but switched to science journalism, producing documentaries for German TV. In 1986 he co-founded ChessBase.

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