Wonderful chess compositions

by Frederic Friedel
1/25/2019 – It's a new discovery — a collection of the most interesting chess problems and puzzles, from the tenth century until today. The unique thing is that each puzzle has a little story attached to it, telling you something about the circumstances of its composition and its place in the history of chess problems. We bring you a small sample from the book "Chess Compositions". Try working out the positions before you peek at the solutions.

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When a puzzle tells a story

One of the best Christmas presents last year came from my friend, problem composer Werner Keym, who some months earlier had sent me his wonderful little book Chess Problems out of the box. This time it was a book called Chess Compositions, by Michael Ehn and Hugo Kastner. I have hardly been able to put it down.

book cover

The book contains "500 puzzles and solutions", but not just diagram positions with terse solutions discussed below them, or in a separate section at the end. No, this volume tells you something about each problem, a narrative that is often as interesting as the problem itself. There are also pages and pages of pictures, some extremely rare. Anyone know what Shinkman or Carpenter looked like? The book fills that gap.

The only disadvantage with this book — for most of our readers, but not for me — is that it is in German, and still awaits translation. You can get it at Amazon.com or Amazon Germany. The latter site contains a large selection of pages for you to preview.

Flipping through the book I found half a dozen problems I know and love, and many dozens of new ones which I am delighted to have found. In this article, I am going to give you a selection. Remember that you can move the pieces in each of the diagrams to try and solve them yourself. The full solutions are given at the end. 


 
Dietrich E.L. Wasmann, 1863
Mate in three moves

Ehn and Kastner tell us that the great Paul Morphy needed more than an hour to solve this problem, whereas Alexander Alekhine did it in a few seconds. Would you like to compare your solving skills with the two World Champions?


 
Godfrey Heathcote, 1904
Mate in three moves

In this problem by the British composer Godfrey Heathcote you should look for the most absurd and meaningless move you can imagine. Found it? Then you have also found the solution to the problem.


 
Friedrich Palitzsch, 1917
Mate in two moves

Again it's a very surprising move that mates in two, the one we would least expect. That is the point of this composition.


 
Niels Høeg, 1905
Mate in three moves

This is a truly historic problem — for the first time in composition history, it demonstrates a perfect Allumwandlung! What is that? The term comes from the German and has entered the vocabulary of problemists, who often shortened it to "AUW". It denotes a pawn promotion to all four pieces, in this case on the same move on the same promotion square. The Danish composer said that it had taken him twelve years (!) to find this construction.


 
Sam Loyd, 1861
Mate in five moves

Ehn/Kramer tell the story of one of the most famous problems of all time — called Excelsior, after the poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. In 1858, puzzle king Samuel Loyd offered a bet to his friend and colleague Denis Julien, who had boasted that he could always immediately spot the piece that would deliver the principle mate in a problem. Loyd challenged him to tell him which piece did not give mate in the above position. Try it yourself: if you don't know this problem look at the position for a while and pick a piece or pawn that is least likely to mate. Make a note of it and then look at the solution below.


 
Pal Benko, 1988
White to play and win

This problem, by the one and only Pal Benko, is labelled "Modern Excelsior" in the book. You should try to solve it by moving pieces in the above diagram. It will actually play against you and defend against mate. But there is one subtlety on move four it might miss...


Powerplay 26: Checkmate Challenge — essential knowledge

Checkmate. That's the aim of the game. There are numerous ways to checkmate the enemy king, but there are common patterns that recur over and over again, and having these at our mental fingertips is essential for when we want to finish the game.


Solutions to all the puzzles above

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1.Qd1‼ Unbelievable, but this is the only move that leads to mate in three. bxa3 or 1...Kd6 1...Kd6 2.Qxa4 1...Ke6 2.Qxa4 Kf7 3.Qe8# 1...Kc6 2.Qg4 Kb7 3.Qc8# 2.Qxa4 and mate on d7 on the next move.
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Wasmann,D-Mate in three moves-1863Traité élémentaire du jeu des échecs
Heathcote,G-Mate in three moves-1904Reading Observer
Palitzsch,F-Mate in two moves-1917Deutsches Wochenschach
Hoeg,N-Mate in three moves-1905Nordiske Schachbund
Loyd,S-Mate in five moves-1861London Era
Benko,P-White to play and win-1988Magyar Sakkélet

Editor-in-Chief emeritus of the ChessBase News page. Studied Philosophy and Linguistics at the University of Hamburg and Oxford, graduating with a thesis on speech act theory and moral language. He started a university career but switched to science journalism, producing documentaries for German TV. In 1986 he co-founded ChessBase.

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