12/7/2020 – After indulging in extreme violence with some of his favourite “hacks”, star columnist Jon Speelman changes gears and looks into a set of very interesting endgames. He focuses on zugzwangs, noting that “were it not for the obligation to move then almost all endgames with rook and pawn v rook would be drawn”.
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Zugzwang
[Note that Jon Speelman also looks at the content of the article in video format, here embedded at the end of the article.]
In the last two columns we’ve indulged in extreme violence with some of my favourite “hacks”. We'll certainly return to this theme at some stage, perhaps with some games by the wonderful Rashid Nezhmetdinov: a player so violent that he was able more than once to out-hack Misha Tal himself.
But man and chess player cannot live by violence alone, and even Tal played some positional games including an archetypical pawn endgame that I remember from Peter Clarke’s book on him. This game (below v Bozidar Djurasevic) featured a race between competing pawn majorities, but perhaps the greatest contrast with violent tactics (though tactics may sometimes precede it) is seen in the preternatural stillness of zugzwang.
In over 4 hours in front of the camera, Karsten Müller presents to you sensations from the world of endgames - partly reaching far beyond standard techniques and rules of thumb - and rounds off with some cases of with own examples.
Zugzwang is the main feature of some games like Othello and also extremely prominent in draughts which (I presume the 10x10 version) Nezhmetdinov played to a very high standard as well. In chess, it is very unusual until the endgame but underpins much of endgame theory. For example, were it not for the obligation to move then almost all endgames with rook and pawn v rook would be drawn since the defender could give up the rook for the pawn and then with K v K+R sit shtum at the critical moment — and the opposition would cease to have any meaning.
As it is, zugzwang is the path to victory in many endgames and I’ve got a few examples, of it and “pseudo-zugzwang” — manoeuvring to give the opponent the move in a position where he or she may have a decent choice but will have to work very hard to find it. Sometimes you don’t know yourself whether it’s pseudo or real but putting pressure on the opponent is sufficient reason to try.
We start with the Tal pawn endgame — which turns out actually to be drawn if Black defends correctly and then move on to a couple of pawn endings in which the critical point is that one or other king is denied a crucial square which means that his opposite number can outmanoeuvre him. Then there are a couple of studies — the first of them a theoretical rook ending, followed by three examples of zugzwang, pseudo or otherwise, from my own games.
I'd
always believed that this is winning, but engines, which of course can play
these sort of endings much better than people given just a little time to
compute, tell me that it's still a draw.31.Kd2Kd732.Kd3Kd633.c4bxc4+34.Kxc4
34...e5?34...g5!was correct though it's extremely
complicated. At the board, so without an engine, giving you the assessments
you'd be very unsure as Black whether you were drawing or losing.35.fxg535.g3gxf436.gxf4e537.fxe5+Kxe538.Kd3Kd539.b4h540.h4f541.a4f442.b5axb543.axb5Kc544.Ke4Kxb545.Kxf4Kc646.Kg5Kd747.Kxh5Ke848.Kg6Kf8=35...hxg536.b436.h3f537.b437.g3e538.b438.h4??f4and Black wins38...Kc638...f439.g4??is loisng39.gxf4exf440.a4Kc641.Kd4Kd642.Ke4Kc643.h4gxh444.Kxf4Kd545.Kg4Kc446.b5axb547.axb5Kxb548.Kxh439...e440.Kd4e341.Kd3Kc642.a4Kd5-+39.a4Kb740.Kd5f437...e538.a4f439.b5axb5+39...a5looks
insane but apparently also draws, since White can't get in f3 without allowing
the black e-pawn to run.40.Kd3Kd541.Ke2e442.Kf2Ke543.g3e3+44.Kf3Kd445.b6Kd346.b7e247.b8Qe1Qand Houdini gives this as equal though
of course you'd rather be White.40.Kxb5
Analysis of 34...g5! rather
than e5 - White leaves the pawn on g240...Kd5‼40...e4?41.Kc4Kc642.Kd4e343.Kd3Kb644.g3fxg345.Kxe3Ka546.Kf3Kxa447.Kxg3Kb548.Kg4Kc649.Kxg5Kd750.Kf6Ke851.Kg741.a5Kd642.Kb642.Kc4Kc643.Kd3Kd5!42...e443.a6f344.gxf3exf345.a7f246.a8Qf1Q36...f537.b5axb5+38.Kxb5e539.a4g440.Kc440.h4?f440.h3?g340...f441.a5e442.Kd4f3!42...e343.Kd343.Ke343.gxf3exf344.Ke3Kc545.h4gxh3=43...Kc544.Kf2Kb545.h4gxh346.gxh3Kxa547.h4Kb448.h5Kc349.Ke349.h6Kd250.h7e3+51.Kxf3e252.h8Qe1Q49...f250.Kxf2Kd2=35.fxe5+Kxe536.b4f537.b5axb5+38.Kxb5f439.a4g539...Kd640.Kc4g541.Kd4g442.Ke440.a5g4
41.Kc4!And White wins by
several tempi.41.Kc4Kd641...Ke442.a6f343.gxf3+gxf344.a742.Kd4Kc643.Ke4f344.gxf3gxf345.Kxf3Kb546.Kg41–0
On this DVD Dorian Rogozenco, Mihail Marin, Oliver Reeh and Karsten Müller present the 8. World Chess Champion in video lessons: his openings, his understanding of chess strategy, his artful endgame play, and finally his immortal combinations.
Jonathan SpeelmanJonathan Speelman, born in 1956, studied mathematics but became a professional chess player in 1977. He was a member of the English Olympic team from 1980–2006 and three times British Champion. He played twice in Candidates Tournaments, reaching the semi-final in 1989. He twice seconded a World Championship challenger: Nigel Short and then Viswanathan Anand against Garry Kasparov in London 1993 and New York 1995.
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