Harry Golombek: chess master, author, arbiter, and codebreaker

by André Schulz
1/7/2020 – 25 years ago, on January 7, 1995, Harry Golombek died. He was a prolific and popular author, and from the 1930s to the 1950s also one of England's best players. Golombek also worked as an arbiter and directed tournaments and world championship matches. During World War II he belonged to the famous group of English "Codebreakers" who helped the Allies to win the war.

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In memoriam: Harry Golombek

Harry Golombek was born on March 1st, 1911, in Lambeth in London's East End into a family of Polish-Jewish immigrants.

Golombek learnt to play chess when he was still in school, and in 1928 he first played in the London Scholastic Chess Championships for Wilson's Grammar School. One year later, in 1929, he won these Championships in his age group and another year later he won the top class of these championships.

After finishing school Golombek started to study languages at King's College in London but it remains unclear whether he ever finished his studies. However, Golombek definitively had a gift for languages and it is said that he knew the word for "ice cream" in 13 languages. In some of these languages he will also have known a few more words.

In 1931 Golombek played in the main group of the British Championship and finished in the middle of the field of twelve players. Vera Menchik won the tournament and she also won her game against Golombek.

In the following years he was a regular in the master's group of the British Championship. 1932 he finished at the bottom of the table, 1933 and 1934 he finished in the middle (both Championships were won by Mir Sultan Khan), but in 1935 Golombek shared third to fifth place. In the following championships before the war Golombek was always one of the top players though he never managed to win the title. Apart from the British Championships he also played in a number of individual tournaments before the war, mainly in England.

 
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1.e41,170,31954%2421---
1.d4949,86755%2434---
1.Nf3282,62856%2440---
1.c4182,73156%2442---
1.g319,74556%2427---
1.b314,34754%2427---
1.f45,91748%2377---
1.Nc33,81651%2384---
1.b41,75948%2379---
1.a31,22254%2404---
1.e31,07349%2409---
1.d395550%2378---
1.g466646%2361---
1.h444953%2374---
1.c343551%2426---
1.h328356%2419---
1.a411460%2465---
1.f39346%2435---
1.Nh39066%2505---
1.Na34262%2482---
1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 d5 3.c4 e6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.Nc3 0-0 6.e3 Ne4 7.Bxe7 Qxe7 8.Rc1 c6 9.Bd3 f5 10.0-0 Nd7 11.Ne5 Nxe5 12.dxe5 Rd8 13.cxd5 exd5 14.f4 Kh8 15.Ne2 c5 16.Qc2 b6 17.Rfd1 Bb7 18.Bxe4 fxe4 19.Nc3 g5 20.Nb5 gxf4 21.exf4 Rg8 22.Nd6 Raf8 23.b4 Rxf4 24.bxc5 Ba6 25.Qc3 Qg7 26.Rc2 Rf3 27.Qb2 bxc5 28.e6 Qxb2 29.Rxb2 Rd3 30.Rxd3 exd3 31.e7 c4 32.Rf2 Kg7 33.Rf7+ Kh6 34.Rf8 d2 35.Nf5+ Kg5 36.Rxg8+ Kxf5 37.Rf8+ Kg4 38.h3+ Kh4 39.e8Q d1Q+ 40.Kh2 Qd3 41.Rf4+ Kg5 42.Qe5+ Kh6 43.Rh4+ Kg6 44.Rg4+ Kf7 45.Rg7+ Kf8 46.Qe7# Sources: The Times, 10 Aug 1938; Manchester Guardian, 11 Aug 1938; Yorkshire Post, 11 Aug 1938; The Observer, 14 Aug 1938; BCM, Oct 1938, p471 1–0
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Golombek,H-Aitken,J-1–01938D55British CF-31 Championship1

In 1935, in Warsaw, Golombek played his first Olympiad for the English national team, finishing 12th alongside William Winter, George Alan Thomas, Conel Hugh Alexander and Henry Ernst Atkins. From 1935 to 1962 Golombek played in no less than nine Olympiads for England.

Golombek was also part of the English team at the Olympiad in Buenos Aires 1939 that was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II on September 1st, 1939, when German troops invaded Poland.

Newspaper clipping

The English team departed immediately from Buenos Aires though most of the other teams decided to stay until the end of the Olympiad. After the Olympiad a lot of the participants did not want to return to war-torn Europe and remained in Argentina, and many of them never returned to their home countries.

But Golombek found his way home and together with other English chess players he was recruited by the Government Code and Cipher School as a codebreaker to help decipher the coded messages of the German armies during World War II.

After the war, C. H. O. D. Alexander, Golombek's teammate in Buenos Aires made a career at the MI5, the British Security Service, and became head of GCHQ, the Government Communications Headquarters, formerly the Government Code and Cipher School, but Golombek returned to his life as a civilian. He also returned to tournament chess and in 1946 he played in the Karel Treybal Memorial in Prague and finished in the upper half of the field. 

The picture below shows him together with the other participants of the British Championship 1946.

Back (from left to right): Gabriel Wood, Reginald Broadbent, Philip Milner-Barry, Andrew RB Thomas, Baruch H Wood. Front (from left to right): Bob Wade, Frank Parr, William Winter, Robert Combe, Hugh Alexander, Harry Golombek, Gerald Abrahams. | Foto: BritBase

In 1947 Golombek won the British Championship, a feat he repeated in 1949 and 1955, and until 1968 Golombek continued to play regularly in the British Championships. In 1950 the FIDE awarded him the title of an International Master and in 1995 the FIDE made him an Honorary Grandmaster.

 
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1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.Nf3 d5 4.e3 Be7 5.d4 0-0 6.Bd3 dxc4 7.Bxc4 a6 8.a4 c5 9.0-0 Nc6 10.dxc5 10.b3 10...Bxc5 11.Qe2 Qe7 12.Rd1 Bd7 13.h3 /\e4 Na5? 13...e5! 14.Ba2 b5? 15.Ne5! 15.axb5 axb5 16.Nxb5 Bxb5 17.Qxb5 Rfb8 18.Qe2 Nb3 15...Be8 16.axb5 axb5 17.Bb1 17.Nxb5 Nb3 17...Qc7? 17...Qb7! 18.Ng4! Nxg4 19.hxg4 Rb8 19...g6! 20.Nxb5 Bxb5 21.Qxb5 Rfb8 22.Rd7 22.Qd7 Qxd7 23.Rxd7 Nb3!= 22...Qc8 23.Qd3 Nb3 24.Rxa8 Rxa8 25.Bd2 Nxd2 26.Qxd2 Bb4 20.Qc2 g6 21.Ne4 Bb6 22.Bd2 Qxc2 23.Bxc2 Nc6 24.Nf6+ Kg7 25.Bc3 e5 25...Kh6 26.g5+!+- 26.Nxe8+ Rfxe8 27.Be4 Nd8 27...Na7 28.Rd7 28.Rd5 f6 29.g5! Nf7 30.gxf6+ Kxf6 31.Ra6 Re6 32.Rxb5+- Bc7 32...Nd6 33.Bxe5+! 33.Rxe6+ Kxe6 34.Bd5+ Ke7 35.Rxb8 Bxb8 36.g3 Ng5 37.f4 exf4 38.gxf4 Ne6 39.Kf2 Ba7 40.Kf3 Bb6 41.b4 Kd6 42.Be4 Ba7 43.Be5+ Ke7 44.b5 44.b5 Bb6 45.Bd5 Nc7 45...Nc5 46.e4 46.Bc4 Na8 47.e4+- 1–0
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Golombek,H-Kottnauer,C-1–01949D37Venice6

The aim of these Dvd's is to build a repertoire after 1.c4 and 2.g3 for White. The first DVD includes the systems 1...e5, the Dutch and Indian setups. The second DVD includes the systems with 1...c5, 1...c6 and 1...e6.


 
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1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6 3.g3 Bg7 4.Bg2 0-0 5.Nf3 d6 6.0-0 e5 7.d3 Nh5 8.Bd2 f5 9.Rb1 Nd7 10.b4 Kh8 11.Bg5 Bf6 12.Qd2 f4 13.Bxf6+ Ndxf6 14.e3 Bg4 15.exf4 exf4 16.Ne2 Nd7 17.d4 Ndf6 18.Nxf4 Ne4 19.Qe3 Nxf4 20.gxf4 Nf6 21.Ng5 Nh5 22.Rbe1 h6 23.Ne6 Bxe6 24.Qxe6 Nxf4 25.Qe7 Re8 26.Qf7 Rf8 27.Qe7 c6 28.Qxd8 Raxd8 29.Re7 Rf5 30.h4 Rh5 31.Rfe1 Rxh4 32.Bf3 Rf8 33.Rxb7 Nh3+ 34.Kg2 Ng5 35.Bxc6 Rg4+ 36.Kf1 Rxd4 37.Re8 Rxe8 38.Bxe8 Rxc4 39.Bxg6 d5 40.a4 a6 41.Rb6 a5 42.bxa5 Rxa4 43.a6 Kg7 44.Bd3 Ne4 45.Rb5 Nc3 46.Rc5 Ra3 47.a7 Ne4 48.Rc7+ 1–0
  • Start an analysis engine:
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Golombek,H-Uhlmann,W-1–01960A24Christmas Congress 1959/60-35 Premier4

From 1938 to 1940 Golombek worked as editor of the British Chess Magazine and in 1945 he followed Stuart Millner-Barry by taking over the chess column of The Times — which he would write for more than 40 years, until 1989. From 1955 to 1979 Golombek also wrote the weekly chess column for the Observer. As a correspondent for The Times he followed many tournaments and important matches directly, e.g. the tense World Championship match between Karpov and Kortschnoi in Baguio City 1978. One day he entered the pressroom during the game, mumbling: "Now he blundered. That's it for Kortschnoi." All the journalists were in a hurry to watch the game directly and hastened to leave the pressroom. Only Golombek stayed, brewed a tea for himself, while commenting drily: "This is the only way to have a cup of tea in quiet here."

Apart from his career as an active player which he pursued until the early 70s Golombek was also a prolific author: he wrote more than 30 chess books, textbooks, tournament books, and monographs. Moreover, as an International Arbiter he directed numerous tournaments and matches, including matches for the World Championship. In fact, Golombek was one of the arbiters at the famous Candidates Tournament in Zurich 1953, and he was also the arbiter of the tense Candidates Match between Tigran Petrosian and Robert Hübner 1971 which Hübner forfeited while one point down because he felt disturbed by noise. However, Hübner does not have fond memories of this match nor of Golombek's role as an arbiter in the match.

Harry Golombek (left) | Photo: SG Zürich

For his achievements during the war, the British government awarded Golombek the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

The last years of his life Golombek lived in a suburb in north-west London, in 35 Albion Cres, Chalfont Saint Giles.

Golombek died 25 years ago, on January 7th, 1995.

Translation from German: Johannes Fischer

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André Schulz started working for ChessBase in 1991 and is an editor of ChessBase News.

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