CBM 205: A Question of Strong Will and Cool Nerves

by Nagesh Havanur
2/1/2022 – ChessBase Magazine offers a window to the world of professional chess and it also provides arsenal for the tournament player. Issue 205 offers games from several major events, FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament, USA and Russian Championships and European Team Championship, 2287 games (21 annotated), 11 opening surveys, lectures and exercises for training. Annotators include Alireza Firouzja, Anish Giri and Nikita Vitiugov among others. The icing on the cake is the Robert Hübner Special, a tribute to a great player who crossed swords with the best of them all, from Bobby Fischer to Garry Kasparov. Our columnist Nagesh Havanur takes a look. | Photo: Magnus Carlsen vs Alireza Firouzja, Norway Chess 2021 | Photo: Lennart Ootes

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ChessBase Magazine 205: A review by Prof. Nagesh Havanur

Firouzja has a long way to go

Even as I write these lines, the Tata Steel International Tournament has concluded and  Carlsen has won the event with a round to spare. In retrospect one player who would have posed a challenge to him was missing in this event. It’s Alireza Firouzja. Apparently he and the organizers could not reach an agreement on his participation. It’s rather late in the day to go into the merits of the issue. I shall only mention what is common knowledge to the readers here.  Recently Carlsen declared, he would like to meet a member of the younger generation like Firouzja in a world championship match. But how good is Firouzja? This issue offers a few clues. For starters, it offers all the games from the FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament that he won ahead of Caruana and Oparin by half a point. Firouzja himself annotates his victory over Abasov in this issue. A different way of gauging his play is his game with Caruana, a game that he lost. He fought back from a bad position and kept on pressing forward till his youthful impatience cost him the game.

In this issue the game is annotated by Anish Giri:

 
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1.e41,180,95054%2421---
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1.e4 c6 Alireza has a few different weapons against 1.e4 currently and Caro-Kann is apparently one that he ranks rather highly, as he has chosen it against Fabiano in this very crucial game. 2.d4 d5 3.e5 Bf5 4.h4 A trendy system these days. While at some point the trend was to go exclusively for the Short system with 4.Nf3 Be2, these days the trend, set largely by Fabiano, is to play 5 different systems against the Caro-Kann. h5 Black has all sorts of options, but this one, stopping the kingside expansion is the most reliable. 5.Bd3 Alternatively, 5.c4 and also 5.Bg5 are major systems as well. Bxd3 6.Qxd3 Qa5+ This was a big revelation at some point, a decade ago or so, as players realized that it may be smart to avoid 6...e6 7.Bg5!?, when White gets to develop the knight to d2 harmoniously, with the bishop already out on g5. 7.Nd2 There are options, for example trendy is 7.b4!?. e6 8.Ne2!? A local surprpise. Although this move has been played before, more common is the natural 8.Ngf3. With this one, Fabiano is trying to arrange the knights differently and confuse the youngster. Ne7 9.b4!? An existing idea, but in this particular position a novelty. Qa6 Natural retreat. Taking the pawn would allow White to activate his rook quickly with Rb1-xb7. 10.Qb3 I assume this was still preparation, but also possible was 10.Qf3. The queen on b3 will likely get traded now, after an eventual Qc4!?, which will happen in the game. Nf5 11.Nf3 Nd7 It is possible to stay flexible with the knight and start 11.. .Qc4!?. 12.a4 Grabbing space on the queenside. Qc4 The queen was a little claustrophobic on a6 and is now ready to trade itself. White has a choice, to trade on c4 or b3, leading to different pawn structures. 13.Bd2 Computer gives White a tiny plus after taking on c4, which it likes more, but I imagine that Fabiano wasn't happy seeing the Black knight landing on d5. Trading on b3 though is not too impressive for White either. Qxb3 14.cxb3 f6 Sensible setup, but 14. ..Nb8!? intending to regroup with Kd7 and Na6 was strong too. Black got a fine endgame out of the opening. 15.0-0 Be7 16.g3 Kf7 So far so good, The only question is what will Black do next. On the other hand, White also doesn't appear to have too many attractive ideas. 17.Rfe1 fxe5? Not seeing what to do, Alireza makes a huge commitment. There were alternatives. I like 17...Bd8!? idea being that 18.Nf4 is now met with g5 as 19.exf6 doesn't hit the e7 bishop. The bishop can then head towards b6 and Nf8-Ng6 is also an idea to consider, improving the position a tad, as the knight from g6 also controls the f4 square, next to controlling e5. 18.dxe5 Rac8 Black is hoping to push c5, but having given up so many squares on the kingside, Black's play is much slower than White's. 19.Nf4 d4 The issue for Black was that c5 is met by Nxd5! and the e6+ tactic. 20.Rac1?! There is no way to prevent c5 push, but the question is how to anticipate it. Fabiano comes up with a creative idea, noticing that Nd5! resource remains there, even with the pawn already on d4 and no longer on d5. The machine goes for 20.a5! intending c5 while 20...a6 21.Ra2 c5 22.bxc5 Nxc5 23.b4! 21.b5! , in both cases, opening of the c-file will not provide Black with any real counterplay and will only backfire. 20...c5 21.Nd5!? At the very least a beautiful shot. cxb4? Stronger was 21...Kg6! sacrificing the pawn. 21...Kg6 22.Nxe7+ Nxe7 23.bxc5 Nxc5 24.Nxd4 Nf5 This gives Black excellent counterplay, thanks to the light squares and the jumping knight. 22.Nxe7 Nxe7 23.Ng5+? Not picking up the b4 pawn is a mistake and the game spins out of control from here onwards. 23.Bxb4! It turns out the e6 pawn is kind of doomed anyway. Nd5 24.Bd6! d3 25.Rcd1! Taking care of counterplay first and Ng5-xe6 is inevitable anyway. 23...Kg6 24.Rxc8 Rxc8 25.Nxe6 Nc6 Black gets to keep his b4 pawn and suddenly there is counterplay. 26.f4 Kf5 Cool, but even more cold blooded was 26...Rg8!? intending Kf5 next. White has completely lost control at this point and the position is objectively around level. 27.Nxg7+ Kg6 28.Ne6 Kf5 29.Ng5 Fabiano, true to himself, continues playing for a win! The evaluation is around balanced, but anything can happen, with both sides having their own trumps. Nc5 30.Nf7 Ke6! Walking out of Nd6+. 31.Nd6 Rg8 32.Kg2 Kd5! The king walks around very nicely. 33.Rb1 Ne4?! There was actually no need to force the matters. Besides another active idea of d3 and Nd4, Black could and should have just maintained the tension with moves like b6, a5 etc. The problem with Ne4, while it trades an active d6 knight, the c5 knight is also gone and that means the b1 rook is free from the duties of protecting the b3 pawn. At the same time the active d6 knight is just standing there rather aimlessly at the moment. A big practical mistake I believe. 34.Nxe4 Kxe4 35.Rc1 Rook can make a move now. What a relief. Kd3? Black keeps playing forward, but it appears that even though he succeeds with his counterplay, at the end, after White gives up the bishop for the passed d-pawn, White's kingside pawn mass will start moving forward. It was better to keep the king closer behind, maintaining the blockade for now and just keeping the status quo with 35...a5!? Easy to say, of course. 36.Be1 Ke2? Final mistake, but continuing with the natural idea that started with 33... Ne4?!. Objectively, the best was to go back to e4 with the king and keep an eye on the white pawns. 37.e6! Pawns start slowly but surely to march down the board. Black will win the bishop, but lose the game. d3 38.f5 The power of the pawns is well demonstrated in the variation with 38...Re8. Nd4 38...Re8 Good practical try perhaps, but White wins with brute force here. 39.Rxc6! And the following line is absolutely forced. bxc6 40.Bxb4 c5 41.Bc3 d2 42.Bxd2 Kxd2 43.g4! Somehow someway White is just first. hxg4 44.h5! The h-pawn needs to join. Kc3 45.h6 Kxb3 Black is just not in time with his c-pawn. 46.f6! Rxe6 47.f7 Rf6 48.h7 Winning by queening. 39.Bxb4 Now also Re1 mate is threatened, so there is no time for 39...Nxf5. d2 40.Bxd2 Kxd2 41.Rc5 Guarding the pawns. The time control has been reached and as the dust settled, it turns out that White is simply queening the pawns. The extra knight can't help Black, as his king has been advanced too far and isn't in time to come back. After a long think Alireza made his move, but he already realised that the train had left the station... Re8 42.Re5 Kd3 42...Nc6 Looks like an attempt at defence, but White wins by force here too. 43.Rd5+ Ke3 44.Rd6! Followed by f6 next, winning the game. 43.Kf2! White can afford to take the time to get the king to a somewhat better square, ready to meet Nc6 now with Re3+. Black is helpless, as he finds his king on d3 on the wrong side of the river. Re7 44.g4! hxg4 45.Kg3 As the king joins, Black can't fight against all the pawns. The rest is easy for a player of Fabi's caliber and he finishes things off efficiently. Re8 46.Kxg4 Nc6 47.Kf4 The king and 2 connected passers are unstoppable, so White doesn't even have to move away his rook. Ne7 48.f6 Again using the fact that the rook on e5 is not really hanging. Ng6+ 49.Kf5 Nxh4+ 50.Kg5 Nf3+ 51.Kf4 Nd4 52.e7 Nc6 53.f7 Rxe7 54.Rd5+ And White queens on the next move. Fighting chess. 1–0
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Caruana,F2800Firouzja,A27701–02021B12FIDE Grand Swiss9
Caruana,F2800Firouzja,A27701–02021B12FIDE Grand Swiss9

Another player who was in form in this tournament was Alexei Shirov. He played his usual brand of "Fire on Board" chess. It was only appropriate in Riga to which he and his great predecessor, Tal belonged. He remained unbeaten with a score of (+3 = 8 -0) and qualified for the next FIDE Grand Prix series. Here is his sixth round clash with Firouzja:

 
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1.e4 c6 Firouzja had decided to employ Caro-Kann for this tournament. It's also a reasonable choice against an attacking player like Shirov. 2.d4 d5 3.e5 The Advance Variation. Bf5 4.h4 4.Nf3 followed by 5.Be2 is the Short Variation. 4...h5 5.Bd3 The other lines here are 5.c4 and 5.Bg5. 5.c4 5.Bg5 5...Bxd3 6.Qxd3 Qa5+ 7.Nd2 e6 8.Ngf3 Nh6 9.0-0 Later 9.b4 Qa6 was played in the game, Caruana-Firouzja in the same tournament. (1-0), 54 moves. It is annotated in this issue, CBM 205 by Anish Giri. 9...Nf5 10.Nb3 Qa6 11.Qd1 Be7 12.Bg5 Bxg5 13.Nc5 The immediate 13.Nxg5 has also been played here. 13...Qb6 14.Nxg5 Na6 15.Nxa6 Qxa6 16.c3? A terrible move. It's hard to understand why Shirov would want to give up a pawn exposing his own king to to attack. The simple 16.g3 was indicated. 16...Nxh4! A pawn is a pawn! 17.g3 Nf5 18.Kg2 Making way for the rook to move to h1 and neutralise pressure on that file. Qb6 19.b4 Qd8! This move appears to delay queenside castling. That is not the case. It's the beginning of a fine plan to target the knight and attack the White king. The routine move 19...Qc7 does not fetch much. 20.Qd2 Qe7 21.Rab1? The rook should have remained on a1, preparing a4 and b5. Instead 21.a4 0-0-0 22.b5 cxb5 23.axb5 Kb8 offers chances for both sides. 21...Rh6 Once Black castles on the queenside, the other rook would join the attack with ...Rh8. Importantly, this rook is now ready to attack the knight with...g6. 22.Rh1 22.Nf3! 0-0-0 was the lesser evil. 22...0-0-0 23.b5? Engines pronounce that White is lost after this move. At the moment that is yet to be seen. Even now it is not too late for 23.Nf3 saving the knight from...Rg6 and also letting it defend h4. 23...cxb5 24.Rxb5 h4 25.g4 h3+ Returning the pawn plus for opening up the h-file. Interesting was 25...Rg6!? 26.f4 Nh6 or 26...Ng3 27.Rhb1 Rd7 28.c4 dxc4 29.Qa5 b6 30.Rxb6 axb6 31.Qa8+ Kc7= 27.Rhb1 Rd7 28.c4 dxc4 29.Qa5 Kb8 30.R5b4 b6 31.Rxb6+! axb6 32.Rxb6+ Rb7 33.Rd6 Rc7 34.Qb6+ Kc8= 26.Kf1 If 26.Nxh3 Nh4+ 27.Kf1 Rdh8 28.Qe3 Qa3!-+ White cannot defend the pawn on a2 and the knight on h3 at the same time. Meanwhile the monarch remains vulnerable with the rook & the knight on his flank out of play. Or 26.Rxh3 Rxh3 27.Nxh3 Nh4+ 28.Kg3 Rh8 Finally, 26.Kh2 Nh4 27.Kg3 Rg6 28.Nf3 Nxf3 29.Kxf3 Rh8 26...Rg6 27.gxf5 Or 27.Rxh3 Rxg5 28.gxf5 Rxf5-+ 27...Rxg5 28.fxe6 fxe6 29.Rxh3 Rf5 30.c4!? Trying hard to open up lines against the Black king. If 30.Rc5+ Kb8 31.c4 dxc4 32.Rxc4 Rdf8 33.Rh2 a6 Or 30.Qb2 Rdf8 31.Rh2 Kb8 30...dxc4 31.Qc3 Rdf8 32.Qxc4+ Kb8 33.Rb2 Qf7 34.Qe2 Qc7 35.Qc2 Qd7? A slight inaccuracy. 35...Qf7! 36.Rh2 b6 preparing ...Qb7 should give Black the upper hand. 36.Rhb3 b6?? Only time trouble can explain the blunder, throwing away the advantage. With a little more time he would have found 36...Rxf2+! 37.Qxf2 Rxf2+ 38.Rxf2 g5 37.Qc5! Of course. Qb7 Black cannot escape from draw with 37...Ka8 38.Rxb6! axb6 39.Qxb6 R5f7 40.Qa6+ Qa7 41.Qc6+ Rb7 42.Rb4! Rxf2+! 43.Kxf2 Qxa2+ 38.Rxb6! axb6 39.Rxb6 Rxf2+ 40.Ke1 Rf1+ 41.Ke2 R1f2+ 41...R8f2+ 42.Kd3 Rf3+ 43.Ke2 R3f2+= comes to the same thing. 42.Ke1 Rf1+ 43.Ke2 ½–½
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Shirov,A2659Firouzja,A2770½–½2021B12
Shirov,A2659Firouzja,A2770½–½2021B12FIDE Grand Swiss, Riga

A dangerous game in which experience helped Shirov to survive in the end.

So what can one say about Firouzja? He is still young and his play is evolving. It’s too early to predict how he would perform in the Candidates’ Tournament this year. He has a long way to go.

As for Caruana and Oparin, both played well and remained unbeaten. However, they were dogged by draws. In terms of creative play two other games deserve mention. One is the game, Sjugirov-Vitiugov annotated by Vitugov. The other is Predke-Yakubboev annotated by the winner. The first is a crazy draw and the second features an important TN in the King’s Indian.

This issue also has games from two important national championships from the USA and Russia. Both were hard-fought.

Caruana’s misfortunes

As is known, the USA Championship was won by Wesley So winning a tie-break match with Fabiano Caruana and Samuel Sevian.

Wesley So modestly attributed his victory to the misfortunes suffered by Caruana. The latter missed a win against Sam Shankland who sacrificed his queen for inadequate compensation:

Caruana –Shankland, USA Championship 2021:

Here is the position for young players to solve. Black has boldly played ….c6-c5 daring White to capture the pawn. So what is White supposed to do?

 

White to play and win

Solution: Next time

Caruana missed his way here. Be that as it may, worse was to follow in the game with Wesley So in which he missed a problematic win and lost.

Caruana-Wesley So, U.S. Championship 2021 :

In this issue under review we have the same game without annotations. However, the News Page here did publish a report highlighting the critical moment in the game:

Wesley So’s modest claims notwithstanding this championship was no cakewalk for anyone. Instead of this trio, So, Caruana and Sevian, any of the others could also have taken the first three places.

Vitiugov survives and wins the Russian Superfinal:

The 74th Russian Superfinal was a modest affair, partly on account of Covid-19 restrictions in place. Gone are the days of the USSR Championships with crowded halls and hundreds of fans waiting outside for the next move to be shown on the demonstration board.

In fairness to the organizers they made it an elegant and comfortable event for players:

Here Nikita Vitiugov won the Championship ahead of Matlakov and Fedoseev. As he mentioned, this was his 15th consecutive attempt since 2006 in which he finally succeeded. In his view his best game was the encounter with Andreikin in which he outplayed his opponent. However, as he himself acknowledged later, he also had his share of his luck. At the end of the day, it was his self-confidence that prevailed and he was able to emerge a winner even in desperate positions. A case in point is his game with Alekseenko:

The challenge for young players is to find a win for White in the following position. Alekseenko who had a football line-up in this position rushed and lost.

Can you do better?

 


White to play

Solution Next time  

This championship also saw some creative efforts by other players. A case in point is Rakhmanov-Andreikin, a game that was widely discussed in the Russian chess press.

On occasion one also saw a rare opening line in a game that did not realize its full potential. Here are the initial moves from the game, Vitiugov-Fedoseev:

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0–0 6.Be2 e5 7.0–0 b6!? 8.Re1 exd4 9.Nxd4 Bb7 (E94)

 

In this position Vitiugov played 10.f3 and Fedoseev responded with 10…Ne8?! Although he went on to lose with a blunder after a hard battle, it’s no reflection on this line. In the above position he would have done better with 10…Nd7.  There are only a handful of games with this line in databases. It still needs more tests over the board.

For reasons of space I shall have to do without the treatment of other tournaments in this DVD, especially, European Team Championship. They deserve better than a mere mention.

A Robert Hübner Special

This issue also offers a tribute to grandmaster Robert Hübner. There are 17 games annotated by a team of CBM experts. The names of opponents reads like The Who’s Who of modern chess, Spassky, Korchnoi, Portisch Gligoric, Hort, Unzicker and Beliavsky, to mention a few. Here I would single out one particular game, Najdorf-Hübner from Wijk aan Zee.

 
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1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 5.Bd3 Nc6 6.Nf3 Bxc3+ 7.bxc3 d6 You can find out more about Hübner's contribution to the system bearing his name in my opening video in this same CBM issue. Mehr über Hübners Beitrag zu dem seinen Namen tragenden System finden Sie in meinem Eröffnungsvideo in dieser CBM-Ausgabe. 8.e4 e5 9.d5 Ne7 10.g3 h6 11.Nh4 g5 12.Ng2 Qa5 13.Qb3 Bh3 14.0-0 14.Qxb7 Qxc3+ 15.Ke2 Bg4+ 16.f3 16.Ke3 Qd4+ 17.Kd2 Nxe4+ 16...Bxf3+ 17.Kxf3 Qxd3+ 14...0-0-0 Engines need some time to agree that Black's position is playable. This applies to this position and to others similar, arising from the same variation. They love White's space and two bishops, possibly also the pressure along the b-file directly against the black king. After a (not very short) while, when they notice that not much is going on for White, they concede Black equality. Engines brauchten etwas Zeit, um zu bestätigen, dass die schwarze Stellung spielbar ist. Dies gilt für diese Stellung und für andere ähnlich, die aus derselben Variante entstehen. Sie lieben den Raum von Weiß und die zwei Läufer, womöglich auch den Druck entlang der b-Linie direkt gegen den schwarzen König. Nach einer (nicht sehr kurzen) Weile, wenn sie feststellen, das für Weiß nicht viel geht, gestehen sie Schwarz Ausgleich zu. they concede Black equality. 15.Rb1 Qc7 16.f3 Kb8 17.Rf2 Rhg8 18.Ne3 18.g4 fails to cage the bishop due to sperrt den Läufer nicht ein wegen h5
Both sides have normal development. Time has come for Black to come up with a global plan, involving piece regrouping and pawn advancing. This is one of the partly subjective tests. Just try to 'play like Hübner!'
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Najdorf,M-Huebner,R-0–11971E41Hoogovens7
Najdorf,M-Huebner,R-0–11971E41Hoogovens7

Bobby Fischer was so impressed by this variation that he employed it in the 5th game during the World Championship 1972 and won against Boris Spassky.

There are more than 3500 games played by Robert Hübner in the MegaBase alone and one can take a look.

Young readers may still wonder, "Why all this "fuss" about an old grandmaster?"

In a review of this length I cannot do justice to this player. No one can. Still let me give it a try. The chess world "discovered" Robert Hübner when he played in the 1970 Interzonal at Palma de Mallorca.

 

Robert Hübner in play against Lev Polugaevsky at the 1970 Interzonal, (Chess Life & Review, March 1971, USCF Chess Archives)

 

That was the return of Bobby Fischer to the world championship cycle. Hübner trapped Bobby in their game and won a piece. It was good enough for a draw, though.  The young talent qualified to become a candidate and played the quarterfinal match with Petrosian, an encounter that he lost by a narrow margin. In the decades that followed he qualified for Candidates’ time and again. He was to play tough matches with Portisch, Korchnoi, and Smyslov. I think, only the match with Portisch was free from "incident". Not the matches with Petrosian, Korchnoi and Smyslov. Each was marked by controversy. While one may or may not agree with Hübner, it should be appreciated that he has taken an uncompromising stand on everything related to chess.

He also has extraordinary standards by which he judges his own play and that of players, past and present. From my experience I can say, they are impossible to meet. Arguably, he is the most erudite among grandmasters today and his powers of analysis are incomparable. Ideally, that should be seen in his books* rather than databases.

Opening videos and surveys

There are 3 opening videos in this issue. The first features a lecture on a rare Variation of the Grünfeld Defence (5.Bd2 c5) by Markus Ragger. The second offers a lecture on the aforesaid  Hübner Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence by Mihail Marin. The third is a lecture on the French Advance Variation by Rustam Kasimdzhanov.

Take your pick.

What is more, there are 8 opening surveys ranging from the Sicilian to the King’s Indian. Among them I would single out Krisztian Szabo’s analysis of the Sicilian Nimzowitsch Variation, 1. e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 (B29) and Petra Papp’s investigation of the 5.b6 line of the Benko Gambit (A57).

Beside these surveys, this issue has standard features on opening traps, tactics, strategy and the endgame.

Summing up

The main database of the issue has 2287 recent games of which 21 are deeply annotated.

Commentators include Anish Giri, Peter Heine Nielsen and Alireza Firouzja among others. It may be noted that there are more annotated games in the sections on opening theory and training.

Well, practice makes perfect.

More information about CBM #205

Notes

1) The allusion is to Alexei Shirov’s two-volume work, Fire on Board

(EveryMan Chess) that reflects his attacking style.

2) Wesley So has offered detailed annotations to his game with Caruana in New in Chess Magazine, 08/ 2021.  The American Magazine, Chess Life, January 2022 issue also offers a detailed report on this championship.

3) The 74th Russian Chess Championship received good coverage on the official web site of the Russian Chess Federation: https://rb.gy/nifipk

A detailed report also appeared in the Russian Chess Magazine, 64 шахматы Oбозрение (64 Chess Review), 11/2021 issue.

4) Vitiugov has annotated his game with Andreikin in both New in Chess Magazine, 08/2021 and also the aforesaid 64 шахматы Oбозрение (64 Chess Review), 11/2021.

5) Vitiugov Interview : https://rb.gy/mxrrhc (Russian), https://rb.gy/tb8chr (English)

6) An introduction to the CBM feature on Robert Hübner

7) For the English language readers, the  USCF "Chess Life & Review" Archives are the right place to trace the path of Robert Hübner’s rise to the top. In particular the volumes for the years 1971, 1980 and 1984 offer an account of his play in world championship cycle: https://new.uschess.org/chess-life-digital-archives

8) Dr. Robert Hübner is a scholar and he served as a papyrologist in the University of Cologne, Germany. Two of his chess books deserve mention:

Twenty-five Annotated Games (Edition Marco 1996)
Der Weltmeisterschaftskampf Lasker-Steinitz 1894 (Edition Marco 1996)

The second book includes games from Lasker-Schlechter 1910 and also a few short matches before 1894.

ChessBase Magazine #205 in the shop...


Prof. Nagesh Havanur (otherwise known as "chessbibliophile") is a senior academic and research scholar. He taught English in Mumbai for three decades and has now settled in Bangalore, India. His interests include chess history, biography and opening theory. He has been writing on the Royal Game for more than three decades. His articles and reviews have appeared on several web sites and magazines.

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