
Germany is in upheaval and in search of a new self-image. What does Germany
stand for? What is the country's future role in the world? In the series "German
Dream" the national TV broadcasting company ZDF is asking 30 leading thinker,
artists and scientists from all over the world about their own personal dreams
for Germany.
One of the interview partners of ZDF was Garry Kasparov, who answered the
incredibly well-spoken questions of the German journalist Wolfgang Harrer,
with his usual commitment and eloquent fervor. No light-weight chatty answers from this man,
who is now on a political campaign to bring change in his gigantic country.
We have transcribed the central parts of the 15-minute interview, which you
can also listen to in short and full versions, in the original English and
in dubbed German. There are even podcasts and iTune files to download on the
ZDF page given below.
ZDF Interview with Garry Kasparov
Why in the world did the world's most successful chess player decide to get
involved in Russian politics? Kasparov replies that he has always been engaged
in activities where he felt his presence could make a difference. At the time
of his retirement from professional chess he was still number one, but he sensed
that his presence elsewhere could make a difference (implication: it was no
longer making a real difference in the chess world).
Kasparov says he visited and revisited the Russian political field and felt
that it was his duty to become involved. He witnessed Russian President Putin's
rise to power, and his steady policy of destroying democratic institutions
in his country. For Kasparov the choice became very simple: if he wanted to
live in the country where he was born and raised, a country he had played chess
for and defended for nearly three decades, he had to fight the regime that
was threatening its future.
Is he not risking his reputation and possibly his life by attacking Putin
so vigorously? Kasparov says that we now have to admit that Russia is no longer
a democratic state, Putin has a steady policy of liquidating democratic institutions.
"We don't have any future, Russia has no dreams," he says bitterly.
The German reporter asks about a common dream and a common future for the
two countries. Germany, Kasparov says, is in a convenient situation. "Your
grandfathers condemed the past and worked very hard to overcome it. Unfortunately
Russia could not come to terms with its own bloody past. It needs to go through
the same process of overcoming its dark past. Both countries must learn from
past mistakes and the crimes committed by bad people in Russian and Germany
on behalf of some crazy dreams that led to death and destruction.
On Germany's future: it is difficult for a country even as big and dominant
as Germany to have a dream that is separate from the rest of Europe. The cradle
of modern civilisation, still has a lot to offer, if the combined power of
different nationalities and different cultures is unified and presented in
a bright new form. But this depends on the ability of different countries and
different nations to work together. "It will be a great place if we have
German cars and French food, but not the other way around," he jokes.
Can Russia, a country that spans eleven of the world's 24 time zones, be part
of Europe? Kasparov believes that Russia, the largest country in the world
("the size of Brazil and Australia combined") is part of the European
world. The population is concentrated in the European part of Russia; the mentality,
history, tradition, religion all make Russia part of the European culture,
tradition and history.
The gap between the living standards in Moscow and other Russian cities is
huge. You can hardly imagine the poverty that exists in the country, while
Moscow has become one of the most expensive and lucrative cities in the world.
Between 70 and 80 percent of the entire Russian financial fortune is concentrated
in Moscow. Under Putin all money is being channeled to the center by this money
vacuum cleaner that sucks money from the regional budgets and transfers it
to the Moscow dark hole. We believe that money must be kept with local communities,
municipalities, districts, we need a real federation. More and more people
are beginning to realise that it is up to us to change our country.
What makes him think he can change anything, what qualifies him for the role
he is adopting? "I am not over-optimistic that my personal presence and
my activities could make a hell of a difference in Russia," Kasparov replies.
"It is definitely not the kind of difference I was able to make in the
game of chess. But still it's a difference, and I think that my presence, my
activity and my influence, no matter how limited, is already having an impact
on many Russians who see that Garry Kasparov has made his moral choice, to
go through all this hardship and fight for something he cannot benefit from.
Also I have a son who will be nine this October. I cannot see him growing up
in a country where his future is uncertain. I want him to live in a free country.
This is why I decided to join forces with the Russian democratic opposition,
even though it has a very bleak future and slim chances of overthrowing the
increasingly dictatorial regime of President Putin."

What will the world in 2050 with an estimated global population of 9.1 billion
be like? Kasparov: "First I want to say that I would love to see the year
2050, and that it up to young scientists, including young Germans, to give
me that chance. This century will offer us great alternatives, and we must
think in bigger terms – look more to the skies. We are about to see phenomenal
changes in our future. I do not think that the world economy based on oil can
survive for a long time. This means we have to find new alternative energy
sources. I believe Germany has a unique position to work on something that
can change the world forever. All the projects will require not just creativity
and determination but also effectiveness. Germany could easily find a place
in the great technological breakthrough which we are going to witness in the
next 15–20 years.
On the spirit of winning: "It is a permanent challenge, because the more
you win, the more you face the fear of losing once. It strenghtens your character.
If you can find the strength to keep your gunpowder dry, keep your determination
alive, to fight again and again, to prove something not for others but for
yourself, that is what makes you virtually unbeatable. I am very proud of what
I did, and I think that the things I learnt from the game are very helpful
to me now, and will be helpful forever. Winning is not a secret that belongs
to a very few, winning is something that we can learn by studying ourselves,
studying the environment and making ourselves ready for any challenge that
is in front of us."
Links

The ZDF replay page with short and long audio versions of the interview

On the top are the two-minute versions, at the bottom the full interview
of 13 minutes