"What's the name again?" – About the Nimzowitsch-Larsen Opening

by Johannes Fischer
2/23/2018 – Openings sometimes have curious names. The King's Indian is called King's Indian because Black fianchettoes his king's bishop, the Queen's Indian is called Queen's Indian because Black fianchettoes the queen's bishop, and Nimzowitsch-Indian is called Nimzowitsch-Indian because...Nimzowitsch played it. But there's another move that Nimzowitsch hardly ever played which nevertheless also bears his name: 1.b3, the so-called Nimzowitsch-Larsen opening. | Pictured: (left) Aron Nimzowitsch (right) Bent Larsen | Photo: Hans Peter

My Secret Weapon: 1.b3 My Secret Weapon: 1.b3

Meanwhile, 1.b3 has also found its way into the practice of today's world elite, and now finally a modern top ten player has taken on the subject for ChessBase: none other than Grandmaster Wesley So!

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Nimzowitsch

If you search the ChessBase Mega Database for games in which Nimzowitsch played 1.b3 you won't find many — no more than three to be precise, one win, one draw, one loss. However, widening the research leads to more results: in 17 games Nimzowitsch played 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.b3 (seven wins, no loss, ten draws). But maybe 1.b3 is also named after Nimzowitsch because his only win with this opening illustrates some of its basic ideas rather well.

 
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Aron Nimzowitsch 1931 | Photo: L'Echiquier 1931

Fischer

An inspiring game and good publicity for 1.b3. Apparently, it also impressed Bobby Fischer. Fischer was a very principled and classical player with comprehensive theoretical knowledge, and for most of his career he had almost always played 1.e4 ("Best by Test", he quipped). But on his path to the World Championship at the beginning of the 1970s, he varied his opening repertoire a bit and occasionally tried 1.b3. In four tournament games, to be precise. Fischer won all four of them and in round 21 of the Interzonal Tournament in Palma de Mallorca 1970, when playing the Brazilian Henrique Mecking, Fischer showed what he had learned from Nimzowitsch.

 
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A reminder how useful it can be to know the classics.

Larsen

But this game by Fischer and his three other wins with 1.b3 were not enough to give the chess world another "Fischer variation". Instead, the move 1.b3 was named after the Danish player Bent Larsen, a rival of Fischer. Larsen played 1.b3 regularly and with success. The Mega Database contains 47 games in which Larsen tried 1.b3 — he won 35 of them, six were drawn, and six times Larsen lost.

Bent Larsen during a match against Lajos Portisch in 1977 | Photo: Hans Peters / Anefo CC BY-SA 3.0 nl via Wikimedia Commons

But in Larsen's most famous game with 1.b3 he suffered a defeat — perhaps the worst defeat of his career. In the famous match of the "Soviet Union vs The Rest of the World", in Yugoslavia 1970, in which the chess elite of the Soviet Union played a four-game match on ten boards against the best players from "the rest of the world" (which the Soviets narrowly won 20½ : 19½) Larsen played on board one for the World Team, and in the second of his four games he lost in just 17 moves with white against World Champion Boris Spassky.

 
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But Larsen fought back. In the third round of the match, he won with black against Spassky who then decided to take a rest and to let Leonid Stein play the last game against Larsen. But Stein also lost against Larsen, who thus finished the match with a score of 2½ : 1½ though this is often forgotten because his drastic defeat against Spassky stuck in memory. But even after the game against Spassky Larsen kept his faith in 1.b3 and continued to score fine wins with it, for instance, against Brian Eley from England.

 
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Games like this explain why 1.b3 is called Nimzowitsch-Larsen Attack or Larsen Opening. But Larsen himself had a more pragmatic approach. In his book Alle Figuren greifen an (All pieces attack) he writes:

In the final rounds of the tournament in Palma de Mallorca I played weakly and without focus. But in one game a little "psychological trick" in the opening still brought me success. In most openings there is simply too much theory... Therefore, namely to break away from the 'book' I occasionally opened with 1.b3. ... But the move 1.b3, too, inevitably followed the way of a lot of other openings; it was analysed in detail and at a certain point of time it was also dominated by theory. ... When this happened I just began to play something else. (Bent Larsen, Alle Figuren greifen an, SchachDepot Verlag 2009, p. 210)

And indeed he did. After 1972, Larsen employed 1.b3 only sporadically. But since then, the move has found new followers. Today, strong grandmasters such as Hikaru Nakamura (+33, =14, -5), Baadur Jobava (+35, =18, -14), Richard Rapport (+16, =11, -14), and others regularly play 1.b3. (The numbers in brackets indicate the results of the games [classical, rapid and blitz] in the Mega Database 2018 in which these three players played 1.b3.)

Rapport

The following short victory by Rapport is an example of the unorthodox positions which might arise after 1.b3.

 
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However, Rapport — and most of the other players probably as well — does not care whether 1.b3 is named after Nimzowitsch, Larsen, Fischer or anyone else. For them, the most important thing is probably that the move offers chances to win and is not easy to play for Black.


My Secret Weapon: 1.b3

Meanwhile, 1.b3 has also found its way into the practice of today's world elite, and now finally a modern top ten player has taken on the subject for ChessBase: none other than Grandmaster Wesley So!


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Johannes Fischer was born in 1963 in Hamburg and studied English and German literature in Frankfurt. He now lives as a writer and translator in Nürnberg. He is a FIDE-Master and regularly writes for KARL, a German chess magazine focusing on the links between culture and chess. On his own blog he regularly publishes notes on "Film, Literature and Chess".

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Chesslyfe Chesslyfe 2/24/2018 09:41
Besides the issues with the annotations, this is a great article. I hope it doesn't become too popular before I get my titles, lol.
ChessHulk ChessHulk 2/23/2018 05:42
@vikas2200 @Johannes Fischer https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/15833/why-do-some-openings-have-indian-in-their-name. Apart from that link, I thought the Oxford companion to chess made mention that in indian chess, pawns could only move one square. Hence, all the openings with Indian in their name involve pawns moving one square, but I can't find the exact mention in the Oxford companion.
Jarman Jarman 2/23/2018 12:56
Really enjoyed the stats and the article as a whole. Good job!
Edwin Meijer Edwin Meijer 2/23/2018 10:50
Why is it that everytime i read about 1.b3 i never hear the name Vladimir Bagirov mentioned? He played 93 games in this opening. Winning 50, drawing 36 and losing only 7. The guy deserves to be mentioned.
Johannes Fischer Johannes Fischer 2/23/2018 08:18
@hansj
@BeFreeBusy
Thanks for the hints. I corrected the errors.

@vikas2200
The Indian connection in these openings apparently goes back to the relatively unknown Indian chess player Moheschunder Bannerjee. In the 19th century he played a number of games against the better known Scottish player John Cochrane, who worked as a barrister in colonial India, and in these games the Indian player liked to fianchetto his bishops.
hansj hansj 2/23/2018 07:15
The Fischer game goes wrong around here:
12. Qg4 Nxe5 13. Bxe5 Bf6 14. Rf3 Qe7 15. Raf1 a5 16. Rg3 Bxe5 17. fxe5 f5 18. exf6 Rxf6 19. Qxg7+ Qxg7 20. Rxf6 Qxg3
21. hxg3 Re8 22. g4 a4 23. Nf3 axb3 24. axb3 Kg7 25. g5 e5 26. Nh4 Bd7 27. Rd6 Be6 28. Kf2 Kf7 29. Rb6 Re7 30. e4 dxe4 31. dxe4 c4 32. b4 Bg4 33. Ke3 Rd7 34.g6+ Kf8 35. gxh7 Rxh7 36. Ng6+ Ke8 37. Nxe5 Bc8 38. Nxc4 Kd8 39. Nd6 Rg7 40.Kf2 Kc7 41. Nxc8 Kxc8 42. Rd6 1-0
vikas2200 vikas2200 2/23/2018 05:07
King's Indian, Queen's Indian, Nimzowitsch-Indian. Is there any link to India in these openings.
BeFreeBusy BeFreeBusy 2/23/2018 04:08
Something wrong with the Fischer game, his rook being en prise for many moves... Also in the Rapport game annotations there seems to be white playing against white.
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