Vlastimil Hort: Encounters with Wolfgang Unzicker

by Vlastimil Hort
10/12/2017 – Vlastimil Hort continues to share memories of great chessplayers and personalities he has met during his long chess career. One of them was German Grandmaster Wolfgang Unzicker. At first, Unzicker suspected that Hort was a communist spy, but when this suspicion was dispelled, they became friends and liked to tell each other jokes in Russian. | Photo: André Schulz

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Wolfgang Unzicker: 1925—2006

"My dear Wolfgang, why did you not write more about your life in chess?

You do have such a good memory and you have met all the old chess masters personally."

Photo: Deutsche Fotothek‎ [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Fotothek df roe-neg 0006543 018 Wolfgang Unzicker konzentriert auf das Spielbret

This suggestion was well-intended but also a slight reproach. Although we were a generation apart, Wolfgang and I had always been good chess friends. At first he suspected that I might be a communist spy but when these suspicions turned out to be unfounded, he offered me the informal German "Du". I appreciated that a lot.

Unzicker indeed knew much about chess and the chess world, but he has published relatively little. Maybe this was due to his profession as a judge. As a judge, he first of all needed water-tight proofs. He did not care for assumptions and half-truths.

But back to the far-away past. On Sunday, August 20, 1950, the first Chess Olympiad after World War II begins in Dubrovnik. In the Spring of 1950 the cows all over Yugoslavia had returned from the commonly owned socialist stables to private individual housing. The farmer is acknowledged as private person by the state and can again decide on his own about his land and property. The relationship Tito — Stalin is disturbed. An ideological quarrel and schism. Yugoslavia goes its own way and Marshal Josip Broz Tito becomes patron of the 9th Chess Olympiad in Dubrovnik.

Vlastimil HortOn my desk lies the book "Turnir nacija Dubrovnik 1950", to my mind by far the best book ever written about a Chess Olympiad. Why? It is objective, full of information, and with lots of photos, caricatures, and very well annotated games. It documents everything exactly and precisely in its large-size cloth-binding, allowing the reader to follow the event closely.

But what is missing from the tournament? The entire Socialist Bloc grumbles and boycotts. Revenge? Greetings from comrade Dschugashvili Stalin! Therefore only 16 countries started in Dubrovnik, the beautiful city at the Adria. Strange, but at the very first Chess Olympiad in London 1927, too, only 16 countries took part.

West Germany was allowed to rejoin FIDE in 1950. While the East German players had to stay at home because of the reasons mentioned above, the West Germans could play in Dubrovnik. For Unzicker, it was the beginning of a successful international chess career. He played on board one and scored 11 / 14 (78.6%), just as Miguel Najdorf — the best result on board one!

The following game is an example of his style: 

 
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1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 a6 3.c3 d5 4.exd5 Qxd5 5.d4 Bg4 6.Be2 e6 7.0-0 Nf6 8.Be3 cxd4 9.cxd4 Nc6 10.Nc3 Qd7 Better is 10...Qd6! 11.Ne5 Nxe5 12.dxe5 Qxd1 13.Bxd1 Bxd1 14.Rfxd1 Nd7 15.f4 White is better. But how much? What do you, dear reader, think? Is White clearly or only slightly better? Bb4? Benni thought that this is a grave mistake. According to him it 15…Bc5 or 15…f5 would have been a lesser evil. 16.Ne4 f5 17.Ng5 Nf8 17…Ke7 18. Rd6 Nf8 19.Bc5! with decisive advantage would not have been better. 18.Rac1 h6 19.Nf3 g6
20.Rc4 Ba5 21.Rdc1 Rh7 Or 21...Rd8 22.b4 b5 23.Rc6 Bxb4 24.Rxa6 and White is better. 22.Rc8+ Rxc8 23.Rxc8+ Bd8 24.Bb6 Rd7 25.Rb8 White wants to bring the harvest home. Ke7 26.Bxd8+ Rxd8 27.Rxb7+ And the rest is a matter of technique. A fine game in which White played logically and used the open lines to win. Nd7 28.Nd4 Rc8 29.Kf2 g5 30.g3 Rc1 31.Ke3 Rh1 32.Ra7 Rxh2 33.Rxa6 gxf4+ 34.gxf4 Nc5 35.Rc6 Rh3+ 36.Ke2 Nd3 37.Rxe6+ Kd7 38.Rd6+ Ke8 39.Nxf5 Nxf4+ 40.Kd2 Rh2+ 41.Ke3 A seemingly simple and impressive conversion of a positional advantage.
1–0
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Unzicker,W-Benni,A-1–01950B28BRD-Austria8

Sergei Tiviakov started playing the line 1.e4 c5 2.c3 in the Sicilian Defence as White in 1988. Since then, he has employed it in more than 100 games, including a yearlong period when he I managed to win twelve 2.c3-games in a row. White tries to occupy the centre with a second pawn, and Black must know his stuff very well in order to be able to equalize. And this is only possible with 2...Nf6 – all other lines give the first player a small edge everywhere. Especially against stronger opponents, 2.c3 is an excellent weapon.

But when did we first meet at the chess board? In the second round of the strong Palma de Mallorca tournament 1969.

 
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1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.d4 d5 4.Nc3 c5 5.cxd5 Nxd5 6.e4 Nxc3 7.bxc3 cxd4 8.cxd4 Bb4+ 9.Bd2 Bxd2+ 10.Qxd2 0-0 11.Bc4 Nc6 12.0-0 b6 13.Rad1 Bb7 14.Rfe1 Rc8 15.d5 exd5 16.Bxd5 Qc7 17.Qg5 h6 18.Qg4 Rfd8 19.Qf5 Nb4 20.Bb3 Nd3 21.Re3 Nc1 22.Rxc1 Qxc1+ 23.Re1 Rf8 24.h3 Qc3 25.Re3 Qa1+ 26.Kh2 Qf6 27.Qxf6 gxf6 28.Nd4 Rc5 29.Nf5 Bc8 30.Nxh6+ Kg7 31.Ng4 Bxg4 32.hxg4 Rh8+ 33.Kg3 Rhc8 34.Kf4 Rc3 35.Re2 b5 36.Rd2 a5 37.Rd6 R3c6 38.Rd7 R8c7 39.Rd8 a4 40.Bd5 Rc2 41.Kg3 Ra7 42.Rb8 Rb2 43.f4 b4 44.f5 b3 45.a3 Rd2 46.Rb6 Rc7 47.Kh4 b2 48.e5 Rxd5 49.exf6+ Kh7 50.Rxb2 Rc6 51.Kg5 Rdd6 52.Rb4 Rxf6 53.Rxa4 Ra6 54.Rd4 Rh6 55.a4 f6+ 56.Kf4 Kg7 57.g3 Rh1 58.g5 fxg5+ 59.Kg4 Ra1 0–1
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Hort,V-Unzicker,W-0–11969D41Palma de Mallorca2

Even though the Semi-Tarrasch cannot offer a complete repertoire against 1.d4, being conditioned of White’s move order, it is an excellent complement to the Nimzoindian Defence. Throughout history, great players like Fischer, Kortschnoj and Kramnik have included the Semi-Tarrasch in their repertoire which strongly speaks about its safe character and Black’s possibilities for counterplay. GM Mihail Marin presents a complete Semi-Tarrasch repertoire for Black, explaining the main strategic ideas of the resulting structures.

Wolfgang played the complicated position better and deservedly won. Worth mentioning is Larsen's optimism: after two defeats (in round 1 he had lost against Korchnoi, in round 2 against Unzicker) he had to play me in round 3. Larsen and I both started with 0 / 2 and against me Larsen lost his third game in a row. "That doesn't matter", said the eternal optimist while we analysed the game, "I feel very well and I will win the tournament anyway!" I could hardly trust my ears!

Here's the tournament table to give the reader a chance to check whether Larsen's optimism was justified…

Palma de Mallorca 1969

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Bent Larsen knew a lot of things apart from chess but maybe Wolfgang knew even more. I knew very little at that time! Since the Soviet invasion of 1968, out of protest I had decided to speak no more Russian. But to my great surprise I realised that Wolfgang did not only understand Russian but that he was able to converse rather fluently in it. However, he spoke with a quaint Czarist accent and used a lot of archaic expressions. Maybe he received lessons from refugees who had to flee Russia after the October Revolution? At any rate, Boris Spassky could imitate him perfectly. This gave us a lot of fun and many reasons to laugh! Unzicker liked to correct my Prague German, I corrected his Czarist Russian. Our jokes and puns were often rather bold and juicy and at times I did not grasp them immediately...

Wolfgang Unzicker in 2001 | Photo: André Schulz

Wolfgang had a phenomenal memory. I suppose that was one reason for his strength. I would estimate that he could store and recall up to 200 model games in his memory — sidelines and analyses, of course, included. To follow the course of a master game he simply switched his memory to "on". In the 50s and 60s we, his opponents, had no clue about his memory technique.

At the board he was always correct and exceptionally fair. Sometimes he even might have had too much understanding for his opponents. A famous and well-known incident from one of his encounters with the legendary Bobby Fischer is proof of that. In their game in Buenos Aires 1960, Fischer is under pressure and touches his h-pawn. He then realises that moving the pawn loses. Two fair players face each other.

Unzicker remembers:

On the 12th move — I did not trust my eyes — Fischer, who was to move, touched his h-pawn, apparently to move it. After a few seconds he let go of it again. In this moment Fischer showed exemplary sportsmanship. As he had touched the pawn he moved it according to the rules even though it lost. I did not intend to protest if he had moved another piece. I would have been hard pressed to prove that he had violated the 'touch-move' rule, and I also thoroughly dislike to turn to the tournament director because of such incidents. Fischer also lost this game because of his fairness, and I have never derived pleasure from this win.

 
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1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5 e6 7.f4 Be7 8.Qf3 Qc7 9.0-0-0 0-0 10.Bd3 Nc6 11.Nxc6 bxc6 12.Qg3 h5 13.e5 dxe5 14.fxe5 Ng4 15.Bxe7 Qxe7 16.Ne4 Qc7 17.h3 Nxe5 18.Nf6+ Kh8 19.Qg5 Nxd3+ 20.Rxd3 gxf6 21.Qxh5+ Kg7 22.Qg4+ 1–0
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Unzicker,W-Fischer,R-1–01960B98Buenos Aires11

But against former World Champion Mikhail Tal, Unzicker played a very impressive game.

 
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1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 a6 5.Nc3 Qc7 6.g3 Bb4 7.Nde2 Nc6 8.Bg2 Nf6 9.0-0 9.Bf4 [>= 8...Be7] d6 9...e5 10.Bg5 Nd4 11.0-0! 10.a3 9...Be7 10.Be3 Ng4 11.Bf4 d6 12.Nd4 Nce5 [10.b3!?/\ Bb2] 12...Nge5 12...Nxd4 13.Qxg4 0-0 [10...O-O=] 13.Bc1? Nf6 14.f4 Nc6 14...Ned7 15.a4!?∞ 15.Nxc6 bxc6 15...Qxc6∞ 16.Be3!= 16.e5 dxe5 17.fxe5 Nd7 17...Nd5 18.Ne4= Qxe5!? 19.c4 Nb6 20.Bf4= 18.Bf4 g5! 19.Be3 Nxe5 20.Ne4? h6+- 21.Qh5 Ng6 22.Rf2 Qe5 22...Bb7 23.Raf1 0-0-0 24.Rxf7? 23.Raf1 [>=18...O-O] Rh7 24.Rxf7?! Rxf7 25.Qxg6 Qg7 26.Nd6+ Bxd6 27.Bxc6+ Ke7 27...Bd7 28.Qxe6+ Kd8 28...Re7 29.Bxd7+ Kd8 30.Bb6+ [20.Qh5!?] 29.Rxf7 28.Rxf7+ Qxf7 29.Qxh6 [20...g4!?] Be5 30.Qxg5+ Kd6 31.Bxa8 Qc7 32.Qxe5+ 1–0
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Unzicker,W2535Tal,M26451–01975B43Milan1

In our Powerbook we have brought together all games with the ECO codes B40-B49. Added to 62 000 selected master games from both Mega and correspondence chess there 122 000 high class games from the engine room on playchess.com.

The readers might think that Tal had the white pieces. No, and no again. Wolfgang was a very universal player and he could attack and sacrifice like Tal. Bravo! I am certain that Wolfgang would have been a World Championship candidate had he been a chess professional.

Family, job, chess — this was the hierarchy of his life-rating. He was lucky with his two sons. Alexander and Ferdinand shared their father's love for chess and followed in his footsteps. Today they are strong amateurs and play reasonably well. Here, I would like to use the occasion to express my heartfelt thanks to one of them. During my blind-simul in Munich 1980 he (was it Alexander? or Ferdinand?) transmitted the moves to me. He did it calmly, precisely, without errors — simply excellent, which allowed me to focus on my 20 games.

"Dear Wolfgang, I would like to tell you a joke. Yes, in Russian. And no, I am certain, you have not heard it before!“ Yours, Vlastimil Hort.

Translation from German: Johannes Fischer
  


Vlastimil Hort was born January 12, 1944, in Kladno, Czechoslovakia. In the 1970s he was one of the world's best players and a World Championship candidate. In 1979 he moved to West Germany where he still lives. Hort is an excellent blindfold player, a prolific author and a popular chess commentator.

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