Mother tongue and chess – is there a connection?

by Irina Bulmaga
4/30/2021 – Since 2009 Irina Bulmaga (pictured) has played in the German "Bundesliga", and recently she decided to use the enforced break caused by the pandemic to start learning German. However, passionate chess player that she is, she could not help but wonder whether there is any connection between the written and unwritten rules of the language you grow up with and the way you later study and play chess - and had some fun trying to find an answer to this question. | Photo: David Llada

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The pandemic has been the subject of many articles lately, some of my own included. While I have mostly presented the hardships that came along with it, there have been some positive moments as well. One of these aspects is the one which inspired me to write this article!

I have been playing for many years in the German Bundesliga, since 2009 to be more precise. After having been in Germany so many times, I do understand some of the language and I can even say some basic things. However, I have never seriously studied German and if I listened to German speakers at a dinner party, I could probably catch the subject of the conversation, but not more. However, the pandemic has offered me the chance to do some of the things I have always wanted to, but for which I have never been able to find time. One of those things was studying German, so, some months ago, I joined an online course and since then, three days a week, my mornings start with ‘Deutsch lernen’. While typing, I couldn’t help thinking "How do I say ‘with’ in German? Aha - ‘mit’ - ‘mit’ always needs to be used with the Dative case…"

To be honest, this language fascinates me – there are so many things one should consider before saying anything! I remember when I was studying English, I found it difficult to take care of the word order in a sentence, but well, in German – it is a whole new level! Articles, prepositions, cases: the word order changes more often than my predilection for one type of shoes or another! It feels like my brain has to run on a few additional CPUs when I speak it, but when I say something right it is such a pleasure!

If you start to wonder how this article relates to chess – I’m getting to it! Well, it took me a month or so to get used to putting the verb always at the second position in a sentence, even when the sentence did not start with the subject, only to later experience the pleasures of conjunctive sentences, where everything changes drastically! Compared to Romanian or Russian, where one can build a sentence whichever way one pleases, or even to English, where there are some rules, which, however, can be broken occasionally, there is no room for improvising when building a sentence in German – everything has to follow a certain order.

This made me think – if one is used from an early age to operate on this rigorous order does that somehow transpose to chess? Is a chess player whose first language is German fated to build his or her playing style guided by this order? Let’s take a look!

The first player who comes to mind when saying ‘rigorous German style’ is GM Georg Meier.

Georg Meier | Photo: Grenkechess

He is currently number five in Germany and has been among the top players of the country for many years.

 
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1.Nf3 d5 2.g3 The Reti move order seems to be Georg's favorite, perhaps because he likes a lot to play with a fianchettoed bishop? He keeps the pawn structure flexible in the centre, only later choosing where to transpose- to the Catalan if Black develops with Nf6 and e6 or to the double fianchetto if Black goes for the King's Indian. By the way- I'm very imrpessed by how GM Meier handles the positions with the double fianchetto against the KID- have fallen myself as it's victim. g6 3.Bg2 Bg7 4.d4 Nf6 5.c4 Now we have a fianchetto Grunfeld. dxc4 Black has many other possibilities here as well, though, as this article doesn't really focus on the opening part of one's game, let's proceed to the middle game, not before mentioning that I've found almost no games where GM Meier was outprepared in the opening! He seems to me a very strong theorethician! He stays true to his repertoire, having deep knowledge of it and does never shy away from a theoretical battle. 6.Na3 0-0 7.0-0 c5 Black wants to force simlifacations in the centre in order to equalize. 8.dxc5 Qxd1?! 8...c3 The mainline. 9.Nb5 Na6 9...cxb2?! Only helps White to harmoniously develop the pieces. 10.Bxb2 Na6 11.Rc1 With an advantage for White due to the better placement of the light pieces. The bishop on 'g2' makes the biggest difference- making the 'c8' bishop stuck on its initial square- defending the weak 'b7' pawn. 10.Nxc3 Nxc5 The position is almost symetrical, the only difference comes from the knight's placement- White's more stable on 'c3', while Black's a bit unstable on 'c5'. Add the tempi advantage to that and White has a slight advantage. 11.Be3 Nfe4 12.Nxe4 Nxe4 13.Bd4 White's exchanging Black's good bishop (g7) in order not to worry about the 'b2' pawn, while Black doesn't have enough time to do the same regarding White's 'g2' bishop. Bxd4 14.Qxd4 Qxd4 15.Nxd4 Nd6 16.Rac1 White is slightly better thanks to the control over the 'c' file and the better bishop. There were many games played in this line and it seems that with precise play Black can hold it. However, going through GM Meier's games, I found a lot of games he won starting from similar positions- with a slight but long term advantage which he slowly, methodically developed into a palpable one- he seems to feel like the fish in the water in these endgames with the better 'catalan' bishop. 9.Rxd1 Nfd7 Keeping the control over the 'c6' square. 9...Na6?! Now Black doesn't have time to recapture the 'c' pawn with his knight. 10.c6! bxc6 11.Nxc4 With a superior pawn structure and a significant advantage. 10.Nxc4 Nxc5 11.Be3 Nba6 12.Rac1 It is clear that White has an advantage here thanks to the faster development and the better placed pieces. Bf5 13.Nd4 It was difficult for Black to find a good place for the light squared bishop, one where it wouldn't be targeted. Be4 It would be great for Black to exchange White's monster bishop! 14.f3! Not today! White's temporarily closing the diagonal for his 'g2' bishop, but exploits the instability of black's one on 'e4'. Bd5 15.Nb5?! 15.Nf5!? Would have been better- a double attack- on e7 and d5. gxf5 16.Rxd5± With a double attack (on f5 and c5) and the pair of bishops. 15...e6 15...Bc6 Was better. 16.Nd4 White would have to repeat the position then. Bd5 But then maybe he would have gone for Nf5! 16.f4! Time has come to trade the bishops! Bxg2 17.Kxg2 The knight on 'c5' is highly unstable now- White threatens to play 18.b4! b6 18.Kf3 Where should the king be in the endgame? In the centre, esspecially when it also covers the 'e4' square! Rfc8 18...Rfd8?? Black would love to trade a few more pieces, but it doesn't work out because the 'a7' pawn will be lost. 19.Rxd8+ Rxd8 20.Nxa7+- 19.b3 What is one of the most important principles in a position with a long-term advantage? Don't hurry! GM Meier follows it, slowly improving his position. Bf8 20.Ncd6 Rd8 21.Rd4 White's light pieces are placed ideally. What is there left to be improved? The position of the rooks! Pay attention to how multifunctional White's last move is- it not only prepares to double the rooks on one of the open files, but also reinforces the 'b4' threat! Bg7 22.Rdc4 Bf8 23.Rd4 It might seems strange that White repeated the position once, but once again- where to hurry? Black doesn't have anything better to do than wait and reminding your opponent of it might be a good idea, as realizing it would definetely not uplift his spirits. Bg7 24.Rd2! Bf8 25.Rc4 'b4' is coming! Rab8 26.Ne4 The knight goes away from 'd6' in order to threaten taking the 'a7' pawn with the 'b5' knight. It wasn't possible before, as the knight would be hanging on 'd6'. Nxe4 27.Rxd8 Rxd8 28.Rxe4 Nc5 28...Ra8? 29.Ra4± Would win the 'a7' pawn. 28...Nb4!? Was better! 29.Nxa7 29.a3 Nc2 29...Ra8 30.Bxb6 Rb8 31.Be3 31.Rxb4!? Bxb4 32.Bd4 31...Nxa2 Might have saved the game! 29.Bxc5 Bxc5 30.Nxa7± With an extra pawn! Rd1 30...Ra8 31.Ra4! See how important it is that the rook's on the 4th rank? 31.b4 Rf1+ 32.Kg2 Rf2+ 33.Kh3 Bf8 34.Nc6 h6 35.a4 g5 36.fxg5 hxg5 37.Re5 Bg7 38.Rxg5 Rxe2 39.Rb5 Ra2 40.Rxb6 Rxa4 41.Rb8+ Bf8 42.b5 Kg7 43.Rxf8 Kxf8 44.b6 This is how I think the German style looks like- good opening preparation, methodical way of handling a slight advantage, following the chess principles at all times, technical conversion of a decisive advantage! I can definetely see in this game a resemblance with the way one should think in order to build a correct sentence in German- nothing is random- all is well planned and thought of, in the smallest detail. And please, don't think this game is an exception- there were a lot of GM Meier's games in the same style, one can check any database in order to convince themselves on it! 1–0
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Meier,G2655Edouard,R26071–02017D73Bundesliga 2017-186.5

Going through the games of Meier  – and I think the one which we’ve just seen is quite typical – one might think that there might be something to my assumption regarding the ‘German order’. However, let’s not rush to conclusions, but rather dig deeper into the matter.

It only feels fair to look at the games of Germany’s number one female player (since what seems to me forever): IM Elisabeth Paehtz.

Elisabeth Paehtz | Photo: Pascal Simon

I have played and prepared against Elizabeth many times and the difference between the games of Georg Meier and Elisabeth Paehtz is obvious. I once played against GM Meier and it was more or less clear to me what opening would appear on the board, but when preparing for games against Elizabeth, it often might be more effective to just say a prayer and go to sleep. Jokes aside, when playing against Meier, who usually sticks to his repertoire, the biggest challenge seemed to be to study a line deep enough, whereas things are often highly unpredictable when playing against Elisabeth. I will not argue that one approach is better than the other – they are simply entirely different – but the first approach relies on building up the game around one’s strengths, whereas the second approach tries to find and to exploit the weaknesses of your opponent.

Let’s have a look at a typical game to understand Elizabeth’s style better.

 
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1.d4 As I mentioned before, the first challenge one faces when playing vs Elisabeth is guessing what will she choose- starting from as early as move 1 and continuing with different lines at every move. d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5 It must have already been a surprise, as when starting with 1. d4, Elizabeth used to head either to the Catalan or to London. We all know her as a dynamic player, but here she chooses a more strategical approach, at least that's what I would guess if being myself at the board. exd5 5.Bg5 Nbd7 6.e3 h6 Not the most popular move, but one which the Romanian GM has emplyed many times before. 6...c6 7.Bd3 Be7 Would be one of the most popular line of the Declined Queen's Gambit. 7.Bf4! Now, because Black's knight is already on 'd7', one no longer has the option of playing 'Bd6' to trade the bishops. 7.Bh4 Might already be an inaccuracy, as Black will be able to comfortably trade the dark squared bishops. Be7 8.Bd3 0-0 9.Nge2 c6 10.0-0 Ne4 7...c6 8.Bd3 So far, following an earlier game which GM Marin played in 2015. Nb6 9.Nf3 IM Paehtz chooses a different move, one which allows Black to play Bg4. 9.h3 That was the move employed by GM Axel Smith in that earlier game I was talking about vs GM Marin. Bd6 10.Nge2 0-0 11.0-0 Re8 In this game, Black first equalized and then outplayed his opponent in a really interesting strategical Carlsbad battle (see Smith,A.- Marin,M. , 2015). 9...Bg4 9...Bd6?! Doesn't work so well now because White's knight lands on 'e5', either immediately or after taking on 'd6' first. 10.Qc2!? This must have been the idea behind White's preparation- tempting Black away from his favorite Carlsbad maneuvering to a dynamic battle after 10...Bxf3 11.gxf3. And how can Black not take on 'f3'? That would mean the previous move- 9...Bg4 was pointless. Bxf3 11.gxf3 Bd6 The most logical continuation for Black. 12.Be5 Not the most precise move, but it forces Black to find the only move in order not to get into big trouble. 12.Bg3!? Might have been better. Bxg3 12...0-0 13.0-0-0± 13.hxg3± 12...0-0? 12...Bxe5! 13.dxe5 Nfd7 14.f4 Qe7∞ Black had to castle long, taking the king away from trouble. 13.Rg1± Now Black's king will be facing various unpleasant threats. Re8 14.f4 Cimenting the super strong bishop on 'e5'. Bf8 15.Qe2 c5 16.0-0-0 cxd4 17.Bxd4 Even though Black answered to White's attack on the kingside with 'c5'- attacking the centre, as the chess principles recommend, the centre still remains stable, once again- thanks to the very strong dark squared bishop. Rc8 18.Kb1 Bc5 Black correctly identifies White's strongest piece and tries to exchange it. 19.Nb5 However, the problem is that even when he succeeds to- it has come at a too high price- Black not only has issues with the king's safety, but also has an isolated pawn now. Nbd7 20.Bf5 Rc6 21.Bc3 As Black didn't take the chance to exchange the bishop while he could, White doesn't allow it anymore. Nf8 22.Bc2 Planning to build an unpleasant battery on the 'b1-h7' diagonal. Ne6 23.Qd3 a6 24.Bxf6! Qxf6 25.Qh7+ Kf8 26.Nc3 The poor, isolated 'd5' pawn... g6 27.Qxh6+ Qg7 28.Qxg7+ Nxg7 29.Rxd5 The following was a matter of technique. f5 30.Bb3 Nh5 31.Rd7 Re7 32.Rd8+ Kg7 33.Nd5 Rf7 34.a3 Rd6 35.Rc8 Rc6 36.Rxc6 bxc6 37.Nc3 Rd7 38.Be6 Rd2 39.Bxf5 Rxf2 40.Rxg6+ Kf8 41.Bg4 Ng7 42.Nd1 What I find interesting about this game is how IM Paehtz felt what her opponent's strategy would be and worked it in her favour. Why I said that I found it interesting- because GM Marin isn't ,as one might think after watching this game, a purely strategical player who avoids dynamic positions. In fact, he is known to have very nice tactical games as well, him being one of the best players I know in the Pirc from Black's side! That's why I'm so impressed, she somehow intuited that exactly in this game he'd have a strategical approach and cought him on the wrong foot! 1–0
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WhiteEloWBlackEloBResYearECOEventRnd
Paehtz,E2474Marin,M25971–02016D35Reykjavik Open 20168.10

I think that this game characterizes IM Paehtz’s playing style very well – clever preparation and a very flexible repertoire, a good feeling for dynamics and a good technique. She often changes her approach and improvises…

So, I would say this means her style doesn’t really go along with my ‘German order’ theory.

But it still has been very interesting for me to dig into this theory of mine and study games of these two players. Of course, one can’t generalize a whole nation’s chess style based on the rules of their language, but my feeling is that there could be a connection – maybe the language you grow up in is not a 100% factor which defines one’s style of play, but it might be a factor which influences it to some degree, though there are of course other factors that shape the way you play chess… What do you think?

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Irina Bulmaga is a WGM/IM born in Moldova, currently representing Romania. She became the youngest Moldavian Champion among Women at the age of 14 years old. Since 2010, she has been a part of the Romanian Olympic team, successfully representing it at 5 Olympiads, winning an individual bronze medal in 2014.

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