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Batteries generally refer to heavy pieces (rooks and queens) on an open or semi-open file, but (as mentioned above) the term also applies to long-range pieces that occupy the same diagonal.
Batteries are important because they put immense pressure on a file or diagonal, often with devastating results. It is particularly effective to form a battery using rooks because they may be combined to occupy the same rank or file. In theory, bishops may also form a battery in a case of underpromotion of a pawn to a bishop occupying the same diagonal as the other bishop. In actual games, however, the queen and rooks are often employed.
Batteries are often used as part of a combination which may involve other types of tactics as well. When the queen and a bishop are forming a battery, it is rather common to have the bishop on an open diagonal, supporting its queen. A rare case is the formation (battery) of a queen and bishop, when the bishop hasn't developed yet!
By this way, defensive or attacking purposes are fulfilled, and we will examine the why and how. Click on the notation or diagrams to follow the moves on a special replay board.
