Secrets of Study Composition
By GM Pal Benko
For a long time I have been asked from where I take the ideas for my studies. Now I intend to give some examples that show how those ideas may come either from games or from other studies mainly, which those that needed improvement or to be enriched. Nowadays it is getting difficult to find completely original ideas taken of one’s own mind. The computer has opened new fields for composing, but in some ways we lose the human creativity by that, specially with the miniatures. But those are not of my cup of tea.

Pal Benko in Budapest last July, when he turned 85
My first serious study
It came about fifty years ago in connection with an adjourned game of my own.
Replay and check the LiveBook here |
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57.Rxe5+?! 57.-- Bg3 57.-- Rxf2+? 58.Kxf2 Bg3+ 59.Kxf3! Bxe1 60.Kg2 57.Bxh4 Bd4 58.Rd1 57...Kxe5 58.Bxh4 Kf4 59.Bf6 Rd2! 59...f2? 60.Kg2! Ke3 61.Bh4 Rb2 62.Bg3 f1Q+ 63.Kxf1 Kf3 64.Be1 Rb1 65.h4= 60.Bc3 Rd5? 60...Re2 61.Kf2! Ke4 62.Bb4! Rb5 63.Bd6 Rh5 64.Bc7 Rh6 65.Bb8! Ra6 66.Bc7 ½–½
- Start an analysis engine:
- Try maximizing the board:
- Use the four cursor keys to replay the game. Make moves to analyse yourself.
- Press Ctrl-B to rotate the board.
- Drag the split bars between window panes.
- Download&Clip PGN/GIF/FEN/QR Codes. Share the game.
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Benko,P | - | Matanovic,A | - | ½–½ | 1964 | | Belgrade | |
Please, wait...
That time we could use just our own minds of course. During analyzing the adjourned position I was thinking about what would happen if Black succeeds in advancing his pawn to f2. I found a problem-like saving method.
Replay and check the LiveBook here |
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1.Bd6! Kh3 1...Kg4 2.Kg2 1...Ra6 2.Bc7! Rf6 2...Ra7 3.Bb6! 3.Bd8= 2.Bc7! Rb2 3.Bd6! Rc2 3...Rb6 4.Bc5 4.Be5! Rd2 5.Bf4! Re2!? 6.Bb8‼ 6.Bc7? Ra2 6...Re8 6...Ra2 7.Bc7! 7.Bg3‼ 7.Ba7? Kg3! 8.Bxf2+ Kf3 7...Kxg3 ½–½
- Start an analysis engine:
- Try maximizing the board:
- Use the four cursor keys to replay the game. Make moves to analyse yourself.
- Press Ctrl-B to rotate the board.
- Drag the split bars between window panes.
- Download&Clip PGN/GIF/FEN/QR Codes. Share the game.
- Games viewed here will automatically be stored in your cloud clipboard (if you are logged in). Use the cloud clipboard also in ChessBase.
- Create an account to access the games cloud.
Benko,P | - | | - | ½–½ | 1964 | | 1st prize Magyar Sakkvilag | |
Please, wait...
The profundity and special logic of this endgame moved me a lot towards starting to compose studies besides problems.

Analysing with WGM Alina Kašlinskaja and GM Wolfgang Uhlmann at the
recent Snowdrops vs Old Hands tournament in Podebrady (Czech Republic)
Let’s now turn to a game with a thematic end of deadly pins.
Replay and check the LiveBook here |
Please, wait...
28...Qc7! 29.g3 29.Qh6 Qxh2+-+ 29.R5f4 Qxf4! 29...Qc6+ 30.R5f3 30.R1f3? Be5! 31.Kg1 31.Bxe5 Rxe5 32.Rxe5 Qxf3+ 33.Kg1 f6 31...h6 30...Re1! 31.Rxe1 Qxf3+ 32.Kg1 Ba7+ 33.Bd4 Qxc3! 0–1
- Start an analysis engine:
- Try maximizing the board:
- Use the four cursor keys to replay the game. Make moves to analyse yourself.
- Press Ctrl-B to rotate the board.
- Drag the split bars between window panes.
- Download&Clip PGN/GIF/FEN/QR Codes. Share the game.
- Games viewed here will automatically be stored in your cloud clipboard (if you are logged in). Use the cloud clipboard also in ChessBase.
- Create an account to access the games cloud.
Szabo,L | - | Benko,P | - | 0–1 | 1950 | | Hungarian Ch. | |
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Naturally we can take ideas from studies that have already been published. Let us see how one theme of a study developed. The following one seen in A. Cheron’s text book raised my interest.
Replay and check the LiveBook here |
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1.Qe4+ Ka6 2.Rh6+ Rf6 3.Qf5! Rxh6 4.Qxf7 Rc6 5.Kc3 Kb6 6.Qe8 Kb7 7.Kb4? 7.Qe4! Kb6 8.Qd5 Rc5 9.Qd6+ Rc6 10.Qb4+ Ka6 11.Qb8 Ka5 12.Qb7 7.Qe4 Kb6 8.Qd5 Rc5 9.Qd6+ Rc6 10.Qb4+ Ka6 11.Qb8 Ka5 12.Qb7 7...c3= 1–0
- Start an analysis engine:
- Try maximizing the board:
- Use the four cursor keys to replay the game. Make moves to analyse yourself.
- Press Ctrl-B to rotate the board.
- Drag the split bars between window panes.
- Download&Clip PGN/GIF/FEN/QR Codes. Share the game.
- Games viewed here will automatically be stored in your cloud clipboard (if you are logged in). Use the cloud clipboard also in ChessBase.
- Create an account to access the games cloud.
Rinck,H | - | White to play and win | - | 1–0 | 1926 | | After King and Horowitz | |
Please, wait...
With material like this it is really hard to get at the truth. Therefore I expanded the study by eliminating the pawn and so the doubt.
Replay and check the LiveBook here |
Please, wait...
1.Qa1+ Kb6 1...Qa2 2.Qc3+ 1...Ra2 2.Qc3++- 2.Qb1+ Ka5 2...Kc6 3.Rh6+ Rf6 4.Qe4+ Kb6 5.Qf5! 2...Ka6 3.Rh6+ Rf6 4.Qf1+! 3.Qe1+ Kb6 4.Rh6+ Rf6 5.Qf2! Qd7+ 6.Kc3+ 1–0
- Start an analysis engine:
- Try maximizing the board:
- Use the four cursor keys to replay the game. Make moves to analyse yourself.
- Press Ctrl-B to rotate the board.
- Drag the split bars between window panes.
- Download&Clip PGN/GIF/FEN/QR Codes. Share the game.
- Games viewed here will automatically be stored in your cloud clipboard (if you are logged in). Use the cloud clipboard also in ChessBase.
- Create an account to access the games cloud.
Benko,P | - | White to play and win | - | 1–0 | 1999 | | 1.hm StrateGems | |
Please, wait...
If we use the same motif a number of times during the course of a study it becomes thematic.
The comment of a critic hurt me, stating that it is a computer work. I had no computer that time, and anyhow six men computer endgame database also did not exist then.

Giving a simultaneous exhibition at the Snowdrops vs Old Hands tournament two weeks ago
– Continued in Part 2 –
Some earlier ChessBase articles on Pal Benko
7/15/2013 – The Life Gambit à la Benko
Pal Benko (Hungarian: Benkö Pál) is, as 99% of our readers probably know, a legendary chess grandmaster, author, and composer of endgame studies and problems. He was born on July 15 1928, which made him 85 today. Diana Mihajlova met the fit and active octogenarian, who has been a "pal" of our company for a decade, in his home town of Budapest. Here is part one of her birthday report.
7/18/2013 – The Life Gambit à la Benko – Part two
On Monday Pal Benko, legendary grandmaster, author, and problem composer, turned 85. Diana Mihajlova, who recently met with the fit and active octogenarian in his home town of Budapest, sent us a birthday report in two parts. Today we learn of Benkos escape from Communist Hungary to the US, and his relationship with Bobby Fischer. And we get to solve two highly entertaining problems.
5/20/2011 – Greetings from Pál Benkö for 25 years of ChessBase
"Congratulations to ChessBase on your 25th anniversary! Your news page is the the first thing I look at every day when I go on the Internet. You do such wonderful work. Keep up your great service for the whole chess world." Heartening words from legendary great chess player, theorist, author and problem composer – who in addition sent six anniversary puzzles for our readers.
4/24/2011 – Easter puzzles by Benko – a World Champion challenge
Pál Benkö, 82 and still going strong, is a world class grandmaster, author and problem composer. He is also a faithful friend who periodically sends us puzzles for our newspage. This time, for Easter, he has selected four problems which stumped a World Champion. It is a challenge for you to do better, and win a special prize in the process. Enjoy.
12/30/2009 – Pal Benko improves on Troitzky
In 1856 the great Sam Loyd composed a chess problem, which 75 years later inspired Alexey Troitsky, one of the greatest composers of endgame studies, to create a puzzle with a similar theme. It proved to be flawed. 75 years after Troitzky another great composer, Pal Benko, took up his problem, improved on it and submitted it for our Christmas Puzzle page.